Transcription
the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template.
What is transcription?
the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
What is translation?
This scientist and his group concluded that DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria
Who is Avery?
Consists of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by meiosis, mitosis, or binary fission.
What is DNA Replication?
a regulatory protein that binds to DNA and stimulates the transcription of certain genes
What is transcription factor?
the first type of RNA; a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein.
What is mRNA?
They concluded that DNA is the hereditary molecule in viruses
Who are Hershey and Chase?
A nucleic acid made of two long chains of repeating subunits called nucleotides
What is DNA?
Enzymes that separate the DNA
What are helicases?
DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of ___
What is ribonucleic acid or RNA?
the third type of RNA which transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to make a protein
What is tRNA?
Young American Biologists who teamed up to try to determine the structure in DNA
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
Made up of two strands of nucleotides that twist into a shape that resembles a spiral staircase.
What is a DNA double helix?
enzymes that add complementary nucleotides to each of the original strands.
What are DNA polymerases?
takes place in the cells nucleus or nuclear region
Where does transcription take place?
two ribosomal subunits, tRNA and an mRNA join together
What is the first step of Translation?
One was a biochemist who discovered DNA is the primary constituent of the gene and the other was a researcher who made contributions to understanding the molecular structure of DNA
Who are Erwin Chargoff and Rosalind Franklin?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
What are the nitrogenous bases?
DNA polymerases finish replicating DNA and fall off. The result is two separate and identical DNA molecules that are ready to move to cells in cell division.
What is step 3 in DNA Replication?
Transcription is the first step in this process
What is Protein Synthesis?
in these steps, the ribosome reaches the stop codon; the newly made polypeptide falls off; the components of translation come apart.
What are steps 4 and 5 of translation?
This scientist was trying to develop a vaccine against a disease-causing strain of bacterium
Who was Frederick Griffith?
the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
What is the DNA's base sequence?
when each of the new DNA molecules has kept (or conserved) one of two (or semi) original DNA strands
What is semi-conservative replication?