Vocabulary
Slow change of an organism over time
Evolution
What do we call similar body parts on dissimilar organisms that can be evidence for a common ancestor?
Homologous Structures
Species that share more similarities in their DNA are _____ ________ than those that share fewer similarities.
Closely related
What is a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations?
a scientific theory
During the Industrial Revolution, pollution darkened the trees. This peppered moth trait became an adaptation.
Dark color
The mineralized remains of organisms, showing how long-dead organisms lived and how their bodies were structured.
Fossils
This is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive
Adaptation
Over 90% of the DNA sequences for humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas are identical, suggesting that we all have a _________ __________
Common ancestor
Where do we find evidence for what extinct organisms looked like?
Fossils
Species evolve at different rates. For example, bacteria are unlikely to become extinct because they adapt more quickly than mammals to environmental changes. Explain this difference
Bacteria reproduce more rapidly, allowing for natural selection to take place faster
When an organism becomes better suited for an environment, it develops a...
Adaptation
Organisms with MANY variations have a better chance of survival than a population with little or no variations when "this" happens
When the environment changes
True or false, all offspring genetically look identical to their parents
False
"We do not see slow changes in progress until a great deal of time has passed. Even then, we only see that the forms of life are now different from what they formerly were."
How does Darwin's writing use fossil evidence to support the theory of evolution
Fossils provide evidence of the past that shows how species have changed over time.
Explain how Darwin’s observations of finches in the Galapagos Islands led to his ideas about natural selection. In other words, what did he observe?
Beak shape depended on the environment the birds lived in. The environment depended on what food the birds ate
This is another name for a trait. It describes hoe an organism looks or behaves.
Characteristic
List at least 2 things that need to take place in order for evolution to to occur?
Natural Selection
Genetic Variation/difference in Organisms
Adaptations (desirable traits)
In order for adaptations to take place, organisms need to have genetic ________
Variations
This law or principle states that the layers of sedimentary rocks that are the “lowest” are the earliest to be deposited. It can tell us which fossils are older and which are younger.
Law of Superposition
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Over several generations, this will happen ?
There will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits.
The permanent disappearance of a species from the Earth.
Extinction
The difference between Natural Selection and Artificial Selection (selective breeding) is...
Natural selection - the environment chooses the traits that are favorable
Artificial Selection - humans chooses what traits are favorable
What is a mutation?
a random change in DNA
List at least 3 forms of evidence for the theory of evolution
Fossil Evidence
Homologous Structures in organism
Direct Observation
Male guppies range in color from dull to bright. While the dull guppies camouflage better with the sand, the bright guppies are more visible in the water. If a new predator is introduced to the population, how will natural selection most likely affect the colors of the male guppies?
The number of dull individuals in the guppy population will increase.