Sediment
A sediment with only one grain size present
Well sorted
When sediment gets squeezed due to pressure from overlying sediment
What is compaction?
The three types of sandstones.
What are quartz arenite, greywacke, and arkose?
Any chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock that is made of calcite.
What is limestone?
This sedimentary structure indicates that the sediment that makes up the rock was originally deposited in a sand dune.
What is cross-bedding?
What is silt?
When sediment is held together by minerals precipitated in the spaces between the sediment
What is cementation?
The difference between a conglomerate and a breccia.
What is grain shape (roundness, angularity)?
Any chemical or biochemical sedimentary rock that is made of silica.
What is chert?
Ripple marks that formed in an air or water current are called this.
What is assymetrical?
A sediment that has lots of unstable mineral grains in it (has a composition similar to its source rock).
What is an immature sediment?
The combination of compaction and cementation.
What is lithification?
An arkose is >25% this mineral.
What is feldspar?
A rock made out of organic carbon.
What is coal?
When a fine-grained sediment dries out, it forms this sedimentary structure.
What are mudcracks?
Minerals that are dissolved in water
What is a chemical sediment?
When temperature, pressure, or chemical changes in water cause minerals to precipitate out of solution, forming this type of rock.
What is a chemical sedimentary rock?
Shale has this, mudstone does not.
What are layers?
These rocks form when seawater evaporates, or in dry lake beds in the desert.
What are evaporites?
This is the depositional environment for both arkoses and breccias.
What is an alluvial fan?
Solid pieces of pre-existing rock formed mostly by mechanical weathering
What is Clastic sediment
The type of rock formed when living things extract minerals to make their shells or other body parts, and those remains accumulate after they die.
What is a biochemical sedimentary rock?
A conglomerate would form in this type of high-energy environment.
What is a braided stream?
The rock that is made when limestones are altered by magnesium-rich fluids.
What is dolostone?
Shales and mudstones form in ________ energy conditions, like in a marsh or at the bottom of the ocean.
What is low?