Vocabulary
The complete collection of all measurements of data that are being considered
Population
A continuous random variable with a distribution that is symmetric and bell-shaped
Shows how data are partitioned among several categories (or classes) by listing the categories along with the number (frequency) of data values in each of them
Frequency distribution or frequency table
Consists of all possible simple events
Sample space
One of the measures of center
Mean, median, or mode
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
Statistic
A continuous random variable where its values are spread evenly over the range of possibilities and the graph results in a rectangular shape
Uniform distribution
A graph consisting of bars of equal width drawn adjacent to each other (unless there are gaps in the data) and the heights of the bars correspond to frequency values
Histogram
Addition Rule for Probability
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
Denoted by s, it is a measure of how much data values deviate away from from the mean
Standard deviation
Data consisting of names or labels
Categorical data
There is a fixed number of independent trials which can only result in either success or failure and the probability of success remains the same in all trials
Binomial probability distribution
A graph that represents quantitative data by separating each value into two parts: the left most digit and the right most digit
Stemplot or stem-and-leaf plot
Multiplication Rule for Probability
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A)
Range Rule of Thumb for Identifying Significant Values
Significantly low
x<mu-2sigma
Significantly high
x > mu+2sigma
Consists of all outcomes in which event A does not occur
Complement
A discrete probability distribution that applies to occurrences of some event over a specified interval which can be time, distance, area, volume, or some other similar unit
Poisson probability distribution
A bar graph for categorical data with the added stipulation that the bars are arranged in descending order according to frequencies
Pareto chart
A probability obtained with the additional information that some other event has already occurred
Conditional probability
Represents the number of standard deviations that a given value x is above or below the mean
z score
Estimator
Any member of a family of continuous probability distributions that arises when estimating the mean of a normally distributed population in situations where the sample size is small and population standard deviation is unknown
Student t distribution
Line segments connected to points located directly above the class midpoint values
Frequency polygon
An arrangement of items in which different sequences of the same items are counted separately
Permutation
Compose the 5-number summary
Minimum, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), maximum