U.S. Constitution
What is the ultimate goal of the U.S. Constitution?
To form a more perfect union.
What is the significance of the decision in the Supreme Court case Marbury vs. Madison?
The Court established the power of judicial review.
What was the historical background of Korematsu vs. U.S.?
WWII.
“Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
Brown vs. Board of Education
What was the effect of this Supreme Court ruling?
Required the integration of public schools.
Which Article of the U.S. Constitution states the wartime powers of the president?
Article II.
According to the U.S. Constitution, sovereignty belongs to who?
The people.
How did the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v.Madison (1803) strengthen the constitutional principle of separation of powers?
By establishing the Court’s right to review the constitutionality of federal laws.
"Separate but equal" stems from this Supreme Court case.
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
What was the significance of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?
Expanded rights for people accused of crimes.
The Preamble to the Constitution demonstrates that the writers believed that sovereignty belongs to who?
The people.
The power of Congress to declare war is what type of power?
Delegated.
What is a major result of the Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch vs. Maryland(1819) and Gibbons vs. Ogden(1824)?
The powers of the federal government were extended.
This Supreme Court case denied Congress to regulate slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott vs. Sanford.
One result of Miranda vs. Arizona is that a person accused of a crime is entitled to what?
Have his/her Miranda rights read to them before custodial interrogation.
The Dred Scott decision on the issue of slavery upheld what Southern viewpoint?
Congress could not pass a law depriving territorial residents of their property.
"The 14th Amendment provides that no "state [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." What was a direct result of this amendment?
The guarantees in the Bill of Rights were applied to state actions.
In McCulloch vs. Maryland, what did the State of Maryland argue?
That the federal government has no power to create a bank in the Maryland.
What was the significance of Executive Order 9066?
It forced the relocation of Japanese Americans to relocation/internment camps.
The police enter an individual’s home without an invitation or a warrant and seize evidence to be used against the individual. Which Supreme Court decision may be used to rule this evidence inadmissible in court?
Mapp vs. Ohio.
The Jim Crow legal system, which expanded in the South after Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), was based on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of what amendment?
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
— Article I, Section 9
Which basic constitutional concept is illustrated by this provision?
Balancing individual liberty and the need for order in society.
Federal laws take priority over state laws in regulating commerce among and between the states, in this case involving a monopoly granted by the state of New York to a steamship company. The ruling by the Court established that the Constitution defines federal power to regulate commerce and no part of such power can be exercised by a state. Finally, the decision by the Court further established the supremacy of the national government over the states. What Supreme Court case is it?
Gibbons vs. Ogden.
The "clear and present danger" doctrine limits freedom of speech during times of war. This doctrine was established in what case?
Schenck vs. U.S.
Prior to the decision in Gideon vs. Wainwright, what was the law involving the appointment of an attorney in criminal cases?
An attorney would only be appointed under “special circumstances”, if the defendant was illiterate, if the case involved complex charges, or if the case was a capital case.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside... nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
This amendment was adopted in 1868 primarily to
To protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons.