Anxiety Disorders
Neuroticism is best defined as
the tendency to react to events with more negative affect
How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD?
symptoms last a shorter amount of time
Depersonalization/derealization disorder usually begins in
adolescence
In schizophrenia research, prodrome refers to
the period before a person meets diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but nonetheless shows some symptoms.
Nicotine ultimately stimulates __________, which are implicated in the reinforcing effects of smoking.
dopamine receptors
What is the main symptom of GAD?
worry
Confronting one’s worst fears, such as contamination by dirty objects, is used during
a) exposure response prevention therapy.
Among the dissociative disorders, dissociative amnesia: subtype-dissociative fugue is characterized by
disappearing from home and work, establishing a new identity, wandering
Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as
positive, negative, disorganized
Which 2 symptoms are generally present in severe substance use disorder
tolerance & withdrawal
What is a common focus of the most effective anxiety treatments?
exposure
__________ therapy might be designed to help victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse to dispute tendencies towards self-blame.
cognitive-focused; cognitive-behavioral
According to the DSM-5, unwarranted fears about a serious illness despite absence of any significant somatic symptoms are called
illness anxiety disorder
What are the most common types of hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia?
auditory & visual
what is contingency management?
providing rewards/reinforcement to people in treatment for continuing to not use a substance
The diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder requires that symptoms be present for at least...
6 months
As with the anxiety disorders, PTSD appears to be related to a greater activation of the
amygdala
Most people with somatic symptom-related disorders usually want __________ care, not ___________ care.
medical, not mental health care
When a person incorporates unimportant events within a delusional framework and reads personal significance into trivial activities of others, it is called
ideas of reference
vulnerability vs. toxic effect models in relation to dopamine?
Vulnerability in the dopamine system leads to substance use or substance use leads to dopamine system problems
Jake has moments of extreme anxiety that seem to be caused by his fear concerning situations where it would be difficult to escape or receive help. The most likely diagnosis for him is
agoraphobia
The two-factor model of conditioning for PTSD involves..
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Lucy complained of paralysis in her leg that made it impossible for her to work or do household chores. When in the emergency room, she appeared unconcerned with her ailment and discussed it at great length. She even invited people to come and poke her leg to show that she experienced no sensations. She would most likely be diagnosed with
conversion disorder
Connie is receiving psychological therapy for schizophrenia. A major focus has been practicing more effective methods for dealing with others, as well as basic life skills such as ordering in restaurants, filling out applications for employment, and reading train schedules. She is likely receiving
social skills training
what number of symptoms are required for a mild, moderate, and severe diagnosis of a substance use disorder?
2-3 mild
4-5 moderate
6 or more severe