Classical Conditioning
the stimulus that elicits the response before conditioning occurs (without prior learning)
What is unconditioned stimulus?
a voluntary type of learning in which the organism is reinforced or punished for behavior
What is operant conditioning?
learning in which an organism decides to engage in a behavior based upon observations of others
What is observational learning?
procedure in which reinforcement is delivered for successive approximations of a desired response
What is shaping?
reinforcement that occurs after every correct response
What is continuous reinforcement?
stimulus that does not elicit a response
What is neutral stimulus?
this decreases the likelihood a behavior will occur again
What is punishment?
What is attention?
general suppression of of a behavior that occurs when the CS is presented without the UCS
What is extinction?
when the organism must make a certain number of correct responses before being reinforced
What is fixed ratio?
A learned response to a CS that was previously a NS.
What is conditioned response?
increases the likelihood the behavior will occur again
What is reinforcement?
another word for memory; second step on social cognitive learning
What is retention?
recovery of an extinguished response that occurs with the passage of time after extinction
What is spontaneous recovery?
reinforcement is delivered after the same period of time
What is fixed interval?
an initially NS that elicits a CR after association with an UCS
What is conditioned stimulus?
removing something from the environment
What is "negative"?
the third step in social cognitive learning; replication of the model's behavior
What is motor reproduction?
gradual exposure therapy
What is systematic desensitization?
when the reinforcement can be delivered after any amount of time if the desired behavior occurs within that time frame
What is variable interval?
tendency for the CS to evoke similar responses to stimuli that are similar to the CS
What is stimulus generalization?
adding something to the environment to
What is "positive"?
demonstrating a behavior that is observed
What is modeling?
in this process, a new NS becomes a CS through an association with an already established CS
What is higher order conditioning?
when the reinforcement can be delivered after any number of correct responses
What is variable ratio?