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Arrhenius definition
produces hydroxide ions
bases
an acid that completely dissociates in water
Strong Acid
undissolved solute that settles at the bottom of solution
precipitate
A mixture of several indicators which turns a range of colours corresponding to different pH values.
Universal Indicatior
The________ definition is the most general of the three theories.
Lewis
produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
acids
the substance can act as both acid and base
amphoteric
a mixture from which some of the particles settle out slowly upon standing
suspension
acid + base -->
salt + water
The formation of a solution from a solute and a solvent is a __________ process
physical
an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor
Brønsted- Lowry model
represents solution acidity
pH scale
moles of solute per MASS kg of SOLVENT
- not a function of temp
molality
A Chlorine atom that carries a negative charge because it has gained one electron.
chloride ion (Cl-)
Solution is a two-component system.
solute
solvent
species formed (product) when Brønsted-Lowry base accepts a proton
Conjugate acid
substance being dissolved
solute
x1 + x2 + x3 + ... = 1
mole fraction of a solution
A Oxygen atom that carries a negative charge because it has gained two electrons
Oxide Ion (O²⁻)
only allows one kind of bases - hydroxide ion
Arrhenius concepts of acids and bases
forms when a proton (H⁺) interacts with water
Hydronium ion
containing maximum amount of dissolved solute; additional solute will settle
saturated
solution w less quantity of the solute than can be dissolved
unsaturated solution
Can treat a bee sting (acid) with this
baking soda (base)