Introduction to EKGs
Atrial Depolarization
What does the P-wave represent?
Heart rate < 60 bpm
What is bradycardia?
R to R intervals are normal, p waves present, and rate between 60-100 bpm
What is a normal sinus rhythm?
Lead I and AVF are both positive
What is Normal Axis?
A diphasic P wave represents this
What is atrial hypertrophy?
Ventricular Depolarization
What does the QRS represent?
Heart rate > 100 bpm
What is tachycardia?
A saw tooth pattern
What is atrial flutter?
Leads I and AVF are both negative
What is extreme right axis deviation?
When the terminal component of the diphasic P wave is larger than the initial
What is left atrial hypertrophy?
Atrial repolarization
What is not seen on am EKG?
Follows the pattern 300, 150, 100, 75, 60 ...
What is the triplicate method?
No identifiable P-waves, irregular R to R intervals
What is atrial fibrillation?
The axis someone might be in that has significant abdominal obesity or a pregnant woman.
What is left axis deviation?
An inverted T wave in V1 indicates this
What is right ventricular hypertrophy?
10
How many electrodes are needed to view a 12 lead EKG during a stress test?
Used to measure heart rate
What is ventricular depolarization?
P and P prime with heart rate above 100 bpm
What is multifocal atrial tachycardia?
The axis someone might be in that has experienced a myocardial infarction
What is right axis deviation or extreme right axis deviation?
When the P wave has an amplitude that is larger than 2.5 mm in any limb lead
What is right atrial hypertrophy?
Intercalated discs
What is allows for communication for one myocyte to the next?
60 - 80 bpm
What is the intrinsic rate of an atrial automaticity foci?
A sudden onset of more than 3 PVCs in a row
What is paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia?
The degrees of the mean QRS vector if someone is in left axis deviation with the most isoelectric lead being lead II.
What is negative 30 degrees?
When the ST segment has a long and gradual downslope and then a sharp return to baseline in leads V5 or V6
What is left ventricular hypertrophy?