Declaration of Independence
The three natural rights defined in the Declaration.
Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Name one weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
Answers vary - Mr. Murphy will confirm.
An enumerated/expressed power given to the legislative branch.
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
To borrow on the credit of the United States;
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;
To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations;
To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
To provide and maintain a Navy;
To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
_____ is to _____ as ______ is to faction.
Air is to fire as liberty is to faction.
Constitutional Question and Outcome of:
Marbury v. Madison
CQ: Does the federal court system have the authority to determine whether or not laws are constitutional?
Yes --> Creates judicial review precedent
"...whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government..."
This passage is a reflection of which philosopher(s)? Explain.
Locke and Rousseau
The significance of Shays' Rebellion.
It proved a key weakness in the AOC since the nation could not organize a militia quickly to dampen the rebellion.
One way in which the Legislative Branch is able to check or balance the power of the Executive Branch.
Overriding veto.
Investigation.
Impeachment.
Confirm/Deny Presidential Appointments.
Budgeting.
The key argument of Federalist No. 10.
A large republic is necessary to mitigate the negative effects of factions, especially the protection of minority rights.
Constitutional Question and Outcome of:
McCulloch v. Maryland
CQ: Does the necessary and proper clause allow Congress to establish a national bank? Does the Supremacy Clause prevent Maryland from taxing the U.S. government?
Yes, Yes --> Expansion of Congressional power under N & P clause
Describe one of the complaints raised against King George III in the Declaration.
(answers will vary - Mr. Murphy will confirm your answer)
This event was initially called for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.
The Annapolis Convention
One way in which the Legislative Branch can check or balance the power of the Judicial Branch.
Confirming/denying judicial appointments.
Impeaching judges.
Passing Constitutional Amendments.
The division of governing responsibilities among the federal, state, and local levels.
Constitutional Question and Outcome of:
U.S. v. Lopez
CQ: Do Congressional restrictions on firearms fall within Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce?
No --> Limits power of Congress
"...these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown..."
This passage will influence the next U.S. system of government in what way? Explain.
Articles of Confederation is based on the notion that each state maintains sovereignty. The founding fathers wanted each state to possess the power to rule.
One positive aspect of the Articles of Confederation that would later be adapted by the Constitution.
The process for admitting new states and territories.
Describe the six big ideas of the Constitution.
checks and balances
republicanism
federalism
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
limited government
An example of reserved powers and the Constitutional source of reserved powers.
Amendment X
Answers vary.
Constitutional Question and Outcome of:
Gibbons v. Ogden
CQ: Does commercial activity on navigable waterways count as "interstate commerce" and can it therefore be regulated by Congress?
Yes, Yes --> Expansion of Congressional power under the commerce clause.
Describe how the Declaration of Independence can reflect the ideas of Thomas Hobbes.
The King is attacked not necessarily for his excessive power as a monarch but also for his failure to use the power of the monarchy to maintain security, order, and stability.
The number of states needed to make changes to the AOC.
13
Describe one of the paths to amending the Constitution.
Step One: Amendment proposed by both Houses of Congress with 2/3 majority OR Amendment is proposed by 2/3 majority vote in a National Convention called by 2/3 of state legislatures.
Step Two: Amendment is ratified by 3/4 of state legislatures OR Amendment is ratified by 3/4 of specially called state conventions.
Explain Dual, Cooperative, and New Federalism.
Dual - Clearly divided roles/responsibilities among each level of government.
Cooperative - Mixed roles/responsibilities among each level of government.
New Federalism - More responsibilities are shifted to the state level.
Constitutional Question and Outcome of:
Hammer v. Dagenhart
CQ: Do Congressional restrictions on child labor fall within its power to regulate interstate commerce?
No --> Expands power of the states.