Learning
This form of learning is based on the feedback it receives.
What is operant conditioning?
What is latent learning?
Learning a skill that might not be apparent at first, but you will draw upon it later when rewarded.
What is Spearman's g?
A general intelligence test that encompasses a wide variety of tasks.
The four reinforcement schedules and give an example of each
Fixed Ratio- Getting reinforced every time the behavior is displayed.
Fixed Interval- Getting paid every Friday
Variable Ratio- randomly rewarding behavior. On average, the behavior is rewarded every 10th time.
Variable Interval- Getting rewarded every 5 minutes on average.
Remember!
Interval = in response to the time elapsed
Ratio = in response to performing the behavior
Variable = on average
Fixed = set # of performed behaviors
When we forget the origin of a story so we believe we actually experience.
Story of the boy building the treehouse.
Define the difference between positive and negative in the context of operant conditioning
Adding or subtracting stimulus.
What's the difference between a punisher and a reinforcer.
What is intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation and give examples
Intrinsic - motivated from within. Big in sports.
Extrinsic - motivated by external factors. The most common would be money. Also big in sports.
Who was Howard Gardner?
Concluded that people have different areas of intelligence. Stated there are 8 total intelligences.
Explain the Bobo doll experiment
Observational learning
Why is it difficult to actively forget something?
What is another term for shaping someone's behavior little by little until they complete the target behavior
Successive approximations
What memory does the hippocampus store?
Explicit/declarative memory
At what age to intelligence scores typically become stable?
Adolescence
Certain and immediate
Retroactive vs Proactive interference?
Proactive- Past interferers new
Retroactive - new learning interrupts recall
Give an example of a primary reinforcer vs a secondary reinforcer
Primary: food or water
Secondary: $$$
The memory we use to perform motor movements
Implicit
An intelligence test that forecasts someone's ability
Predictive validity
What is a cross-sectional study?
Testing two different groups (age) at one time.
What is longitudinal?
What was the purpose of the penny example in class?
Encoding failure - specifics are difficult to remember
What were the "Hero Rats" and their significance?
Were able to locate landmines by utilizing discrimination
What part of the brain produces flashbulb memory?
amygdala
What is the Flynn effect?
The idea that people are getting smarter over time, so the avg. IQ score increases.
What're the two forms of reliability
Split half reliability and test-retest reliability.