Heart
What is the purpose of the heart?
The heart pumps blood throughout the entire body via the circulatory system, bringing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
Trauma is derived from what greek word?
Wound
What is the first thing polio effects?
Substance of the lungs; the virus binds to the cells in the tissues of the air sacs
What is the meaning of a fundamental principle of surgery: primum non nocere?
“First, do no harm.”
Generally, what types of blood do arteries vs. veins carry?
Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood and arteries generally carry oxygenated blood.
What happens to the body when there is severe blood loss?
A. core body temperature decreases
B. blood only flows to important body organs
C. body loses substances faster than normal
D. blood pressure rises
C; Core body temperature decreases because blood helps to regulate temperature, blood pressure will decrease because you are losing blood rapidly, you are also losing body substances very fast
What is the first thing to make sure of with a trauma victim?
keep oxygen moving in and out and blood going round and round
What is the job of the cells in the immune system?
To find potentially harmful microbes, attack them, then get rid of them.
What does ABCDE approach stand for?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Ventricle
Pumps blood to the lungs
What is the concept of "golden hour"? pg. 96
idea that after injury no more than sixty minute should go by before a patient received definitive care
What would physicians do when there was no vaccine to treat a patient for polio?
The most helpful thing doctors found was using artificial respiratory ventilators.
How was blood supplied during World War II?
Glass bottles
What are the names of the two exceptions to the general rule of the type of blood (oxygenated or deoxygenated) that veins and arteries carry?
Pulmonary Vein (carries oxygenated blood)
Pulmonary Artery (carries deoxygenated blood)
What type of fever causes damage to the leaflets of the mitral valve?
Rheumatic
What has changed the survival rate of seriously injured casualties?
1. body temperature
2. respiratory rate
3. pulse
4. blood pressure
5. blood oxygen saturation
What are three hazards of surgery?
Bleeding out
Hypothermia
Shock
What is the largest chamber of the heart?
The left ventricle
What phenomenon is described here: “the compromise of the heart and circulation by rapid blood loss and the consequent failure to meet the metabolic demands of the body’s vital organs.”
Shock caused by hemorrhage
What must you pay attention to when first looking at a trauma victim?
the spinal cord and nerves
Name at least 2 factors that amplified the spread of polio in Mauritius.
Acceptable answers include:
Poor hygiene
Destruction of infrastructure
Bouts of diarrheal illnesses
At the end of WWII many patients were dying during surgery because of what cause?
direct result of unpredictable effect of the anesthetic gases being used on people.
The heart muscle is also called the...?
Myocardium