DNA & Replication
What direction is ALWAYS DNA synthesized?
5' to 3'
This segment of DNA is required for transcription but is not included in the transcription product.
What is the promoter?
The ribosomal large subunit has these three sites.
What are A(cceptor), P(eptide), and E(xit)?
What is a pirate's favorite amino acid?
Arrrrginine
What is the purpose of doing a BCA assay?
To determine the protein concentration in a solution
If a protein is known to bind DNA, what type of charge does it likely carry?
Positive
This type of RNA functions as an enzyme during splicing
What is catalytic RNA?
These types of linkages connect two amino acids in the primary structure of a protein.
What are peptide bonds?
This group gives an amino acid its special characteristics.
What is the R group?
When graphing a standard curve, what does the R squared value tell you?
Best fit/goodness of fit
During replication, what are the short segments of DNA called on the lagging strand and what enzyme connects them?
Okazaki fragments, connected by DNA ligase
These are needed to initiate transcription in eukaryotes
What are transcriptional activators? (What are transcription factors?)
In the elongation phase of translation, the growing peptide chain transferred from the aa-tRNA in the _____ site to the aa-tRNA in the _______ site.
What are the P site and A site (MUST be in this order)?
Under certain conditions, the sulfhydryl groups of two cysteines may form this type of covalent bond.
What is a disulfide bridge?
This enzyme makes DNA from RNA
What is reverse transcriptase
What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
1. Sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA)
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous base (A,T,G,C)
The molecule that unwinds DNA during transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
The start codon is _______, which encodes the amino acid _______.
What are AUG and methionine?
A hydrophobic amino acid is likely this type of charge (need the charge and subtype of that group).
What is uncharged, non-polar?
This enzyme is used by RNA viruses to copy RNA to RNA
What is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
What are the 6 main proteins involved in DNA replication?
1. Helicase
2. Single-stranded binding proteins
3. Primase
4. DNA polymerase
5. DNA ligase
6. Topoisomerase
These are the two types of transcriptional termination in prokaryotes.
What are Rho-dependent and intrinsic termination.
This is the term for addition of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule, also known as charging.
What is aminoacylation?
I am a DNA binding protein. I use this type of structure to bind the DNA.
What is a motif?
What are the 7 components of a PCR reaction?
1. DNA template
2. Forward primer
3. Reverse primer
4. dNTPs (free nucleotides)
5. DNA polymerase
6. Magnesium buffer
7. Nuclease free water