Introduction To IT & ICT
Define IT
The use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve and manipulate information
There are four (4) basic types of computer. List 2 of them
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Mini computer
Microcomputer
State two (2) examples of input device
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Define software
Consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
State three (3) types of user interface
Command-line
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Menu driven
Differentiate between data, information & knowledge
Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner, which should be suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or electronic machine
Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based
Knowledge is application of data and information; answers "how" questions
State two (2) types of personal computers
Dekstop computer
Portable computer
Give two (2) examples of bio-metric input
Fingerprints
Hand geometry
Facial features
Voice
Signatures
Eye patterns
State two (2) types of software
System Software
Application Software
There are three (3) types of operating system. State all of them
Stand Alone
Server
Embedded
Briefly explain one (1) disadvantage of IT
Over reliance on technology
Loss of communication skill
Job losses
Loss of personal touch
Health problems
Briefly explain mainframe
Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Identify this device :
An optical reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes by using lights patterns that pass through the bar code lines
Bar Code Reader
State two (2) types of utility programs
File Manager
Disk Cleanup
File Compression Tools
Antivirus Program
Spyware Remover
Disk Defragmenter
Backup and Restore
Spyware Remover
Differentiate between RAM and ROM
RAM is volatile.
Its contents are lost when the device is powered off.
ROM is non-volatile.
Its contents are retained even the device is powered off.
Briefly explain one (1) IT application that will give positive impact for you as student
Learning Management System - Learning Management System (LMS) is an application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of electronic educational technology education courses or training programs.
CBT (Computer Based Training) - Uses computer generated visuals or environment for training – help student improving the retention of knowledge and more engaged in learning thru hangs-on activities
Search Engine - find information
State the usage of supercomputer
Used for research and exploration purposes (NASA uses supercomputer for launching space shuttles, controlling the space shuttles, etc.
List three (3) types of secondary storage and give one (1) example for each of them
Magnetic - Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Tape Drive
Optical - CD, DVD, Blu-Ray
Flash Memory - SSD, Memory Card, USB Flash Drive
Define application software and state two (2) categories of application software
Definition : Software designed to help the user to perform related specific tasks
Categories : Productivity & Graphics Multimedia Software
Briefly explain the function of adapter card slot on motherboard
Slots on the motherboard that can hold adapter cards
Types of adapter card slots :
PCI Slot (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphic Port)
Give two (2) examples of IT usage in the medical field.
Health care professionals conduct live conference / video conference on the computer to discuss new virus
Doctors use the Web and medical software to assist in researching and diagnosing health condition
Pharmacists use computers to file insurance claim
Robots deliver medication to nurse station in hospitals
Hospitals and doctors use computers and mobile devices to maintain and access patients record
Computers and computerized devices assist doctors, nurses and technicians with medical test
Computers monitor patients’ vital sign in hospital rooms and at home
Surgeons implant computerized devices, such as pacemakers, that allow patient to live longer
Differentiate between supercomputer and mainframe in terms of their size and cost
Supercomputer Size - they are the size of room
Mainframe Size - they are notoriously large, normally the size of a closet
Supercomputer Cost - very expensive, over trillion
Mainframe Cost - very expensive, can easily exceed a million dollars or RM 3 million
Define memory
Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data
State three (3) functions of operating system
Starting and Shutting Down a Computer
Managing Programs
Schedule Jobs & Configure Devices
Monitoring Performance
Providing File Management & Other Utilities
Providing a User Interface
Managing Memory
Establish an Internet Connection
Controlling a Network
Administering Security
What are the four (4) basic operations in a machine cycle and how does it work?
Fetch - fetches the instructions or data from memory
Decode - decodes the instructions into commands and sends the instructions to the ALU
Execute - ALU performs/execute the commands
Store - the result are stored/written in memory