Microbial Metabolism
Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Cytosol in all cells
A _______ organism must have oxygen for growth.
Obligate aerobe
Washing dishes in the dishwasher with detergent and hot water is a ________ process.
disinfecting
What does semiconservative DNA replication mean?
Each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand.
Nucleic acid molecules that deliver a gene into a cell.
Vectors
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Eukaryotes: mitochondrial matrix
Prokaryotes: cytosol
______ are complex communities of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces
biofilms
Aseptic means
A) sterile.
B) free of all microbes.
C) clean.
D) sanitized.
E) free of pathogens.
Free of pathogens
If the codon AAA is changed to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid lysine; this is an example of a
Silent mutation
True or False: Northern Blot is used to analyze specific DNA sequences from an electrophoresis gel, and localize with DNA dyes or probes.
False
Where does the electron transport chain occur
Eukaryotes: inner membrane of mitochondria
Prokaryotes: plama membrane
When cells are metabolically active, but not dividing, what growth phase are they in?
lag phase
Amplifies defined segments of nucleic acids
PCR
What type of mutation occurs by deletion or insertion of a single nucleotide?
frameshift mutation
Which gene is induced by Maltose and repressed by Lactose.
Gene 1
How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
30
In the process of ________, microbes detect the presence and density of other microbes and modify their metabolic activity in response.
quorum sensing
What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes?
Transformation, transduction, conjugation
Before next-generation sequencing, what was the sequencing system that utilized four fluorescent dyes to identify billions of nucleotide base pairs that constitute the human genome?
Automated Sanger Sequencing
The reactions of photosynthesis take place in the...
thylakoids
This is the type of endocytosis in which solids are moved into the cell.
phagocytosis
Why are endospores more resistant to antibacterial factors than enveloped viruses?
The outer proteinaceous coat, and the thick layer of peptidoglycan underneath.
What type of DNA repair occurs as a last resort, when DNA damage is extensive?
Error prone repair
How does CRISPR separate genes?
The guide RNA forms a complex with Cas and directs the enzyme to cleave the target DNA to which the gRNA binds through complementary sequence. The cell tries to repair the DNA break, which often results in an insertion or deletion of nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the gene and creates a premature stop codon.