People
Father of Ethnography
Bronislaw Malinowski
the extinction of languages that have very few speakers
Language Loss
all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex
Unilineal Cultural Evolution
potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power
agency
assignment of children of racially mixed unions to the subordinate group, aka "one drop rule"
hypodescent
developed a hypothesis named after them stating that different languages create different ways of thinking
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf
the study of the relationship between body movements and communications
Kinesics
idea, attributed to Franz Boas, that cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique histories
Historical Particularism
ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence
power
Peggy McIntosh wrote of an invisible package of unearned assets,
Through these assests, whites have become the beneficiaries of the norms
white privilege
Author of Nacierma that examined rituals done every morning and make them strange
Horace Miner
words and terminology that develop with particular sophistication to describe the unique cultural realities experienced by a group of people
focal vocabulary
a conceptual framework that sees culture primarily as a symbolic system of deep meaning
interpretivist approach
the ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force
hegemony
patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems
mobilized their ethnicity for economic benefits, a Tswana nation in South Africa that grew into a corporate conglomerate with companies beyond South Africa
The Bafokeng
study of the way culture shapes language, and language shapes culture, particularly intersection of language
Sociolinguistics
an analytic framework for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patterns of stratification
intersectionality
desire of an ethnic community to create/or maintain a nation state
as migration happens, human variation changes gradually over a geographic space in a continuum. Physical anthropologists refer this as
cline
a hunter- gathering group in Tanzania that are composed of an egalitarian society
the Hadza
this language combines the past and present into one which shows a unique world view where the future is hypothetical or potential
the Hopi Language
Proposed that political systems are in four basic types: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states and develop from natural evolutionary progression
Elman Service Theory of Politics
a group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence
egalitarian society
racial categorization in Brazil the US
Racial democracy with whites on top, how the government organizes people, color coded