Motor Cortex
What is the motor cortex?
Cortex involved in planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements
What is the somatosensory cortex?
Sensory system responsible for the perception of touch, pressure, temperature, etc.
Name on structure in the limbic system
thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
True or False (The Thalamus takes part in higher cognitive abilities like making complex decisions)
True
What is the earliest record of neuroscience?
Ancient Greece
Explain “Phantom Body Parts”
Sensation that a missing limb is still attached
Give an example of a disadvantage of impaired somatosensory cortex in real life.
won’t feel pain from touching a hot kettle
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to form new memories
List three things that would happen without a Thalamus
No sensory input
No memory
No signal for hunger or sleep
Sensory confusion
What did the Ancient Greeks believe the brain was used for?
Cooling the body
What is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to change continuously throughout an individual’s life
How is the somatosensory cortex divided and what are their functions?
Primary: process and encode type and intensity of the sensory input
Secondary: perform higher order functions
Why are the major components of the limbic system named that way?
hippocampus: seahorse
amygdala: almond
Where is the Hypothalamus located and list two of its functions
Under the Thalamus
Regulate hormones
Regulates body temperature
Controls appetite
Controls emotional responses
What did Avicenna (father of modern medicine) write? Hint: The __ of Medicine
What is related to the size of the area of homunculus?
Fine motor coordination
Who discovered the somatosensory cortex in 1940?
Adrian
What happens without the limbic system?
amnesia, dysfunction of memory storing
Alzheimer's and oxygen deprivation
Irrational sexual drive
unreasonable lack of fear
Explain how the Hypothalamus and the olfactory nerve is connected to sexual orientation.
Attracted to different pheromones
What was the balloonist theory?
Muscles increase in size when they contract
David Ferrier in 1874 mapped out the motor cortex using which of the following animal?
Monkey
Describe one past experiment that involved stimulation of the somatosensory cortex
1954 Penfield and Jasper electrically stimulated an adjacent side of the PSS cortex during human neurosurgery
1979 Woosley confirms this by replicating and conducting electrical stimulation
What are some of the major functions of the major components of the limbic system
Hippocampus: spatial memory & consolidation of short term memory to long term memory
Amygdala: consolidation of long-term memory, autonomic responses associated with fear, regulation of fear & pleasure & reward system
How many parts is the Hypothalamus region divided into
Four different regions
Supraoptic region, Preoptic Region, Tuberal region, Mammillary region
Name three parts that a neuron needs to send signals
Dendrite, cell body, myelin sheath, axon, nucleus, axon terminal