cardiac system
What choice below will result in a decrease in heart rate and/or force of contraction:
A)stimulation of vagus nerve
B) release of norepinephrine
c) hypercalcemia
d) increased body temperature
a) stimulation of vagus nerve
Rapid, irregular contractions; useless for pumping blood would manifest as what on an EKG:
v-fib
the velocity of blood flow is slowest in the capillaries because
the total cross-sectional area is the greatest
The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries on the venous end is:
blood colloid osmotic pressure
The following nutrient is needed for normal clot formation. Although it is not directly involved it is used in the synthesis of 4 clotting factors:
Vitamin K
Three most important factors that affect stroke volume?
inotropy, preload, afterload
Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate?
medulla oblongata
Which type of shock is caused by significant dilation of small vessels due to a severe allergic reaction?
anaphylactic shock
The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called _____
filtration
______ is the most likely trigger for erythropoiesis
______ is a specific anemic condition in which RBC's are morphologically characterized as microcytic, hypochromic cells.
hypoxia
iron deficiency anemia
Define isovolumetric contraction
refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
What is most likely to happen when an increase in inotropy occurs. This dynamic is produced by sympathetic stimulation on the heart
increase SV and decrease ESV
Which layer of the arterial wall is most responsible for vasoconstriction?
tunica media
The suprarenal drains into the ____
The vertebral artery arises most directly from what vascular structure _____
IVC
subclavian
The majority of TPO that stimulates the formation of clot forming cells is found in the ______
___ is not responsible for having a vasoconstrictive effect on blood vessels
liver
ANP
The second heart sound (S2) is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
isovolumetric relaxation
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ______
causing threshold to be reached more quickly
Reduction in the concentration of albumin in blood plasma would alter capillary exchange by _____.
decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur
vascular resistance definition
Opposition to flow measure of amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls, generally in peripheral circulation
The following is not a major constitute of plasma:
a) albumin
b) electrolytes
c) CO2
d) plateletsd) platelets
What muscle is unique to the atria?
what structure is unique to the ventricles?
pectinate muscle
trabeculae carneae
The heart arises from what embryological layer?
mesoderm
Which structure is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed: Specifically from the arteriole into the capillary bed?
precapillary sphincters
Direct renal regulation provides a long-term response to ______
changes in blood pressure
Fibrinolysis removes unneeded clots through the action of the fibrin-digesting enzyme, _____
store iron in the liver
plasmin