DNA Structure
What is the monomer of DNA called?
Nucleotide
S (synthesis) phase
The cell spends MOST of its' time in this phase:
Interphase
Name the four stages of mitosis in order
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Define cancer
When cells divide uncontrollably
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, base
This enzyme unwinds and unzips the DNA molecule.
Helicase
During what part of interphase is the cell growing and doing its' job?
G1 (gap 1)
The sister chromatids pull apart during this part of the cell cycle:
Anaphase
Why are there so many types of cancer?
Because there are lots of different kinds of cells in the body
What molecules form the backbone of DNA?
sugars and phosphates
This term describes the half-old, half-new nature of a newly replicated DNA molecule.
Semi-conservative
Name the 3 MAIN parts of the cell cycle:
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Name two reasons that cells need to divide:
growth
repair
replacement
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
Benign tumors don't spread, malignant tumors do
What is the name of the bond in the backbone of DNA?
DNA Polymerase only moves in this direction:
5' to 3'
Name the three parts of interphase, in order
G1, S, G2
Which cell is BIGGER, the one with a surface area of 10:1 or 1:1?
10:1
Sometimes, when a cell has a bad mutation, it will die intentionally. What is the name for this?
Apoptosis
What is the name of the bond between the bases? How many of these bonds are found between adenine and thymine?
Hydrogen, 2
Name the two functions of DNA Polymerase
1) Adding new nucleotides during replication
2) Proof reading and fixing any mistakes
Name one difference between plant and animal cells during cytokinesis
Plant cells form a "cell plate" and animal cells pull completely apart
A cell with a large surface area to volume ratio can do this transport process very efficiently.
Diffusion
What are "cell cycle checkpoints?"
The cell stops at certain points during the cell cycle to make sure everything is ready to move on.