Techniques
Which techniques were used in the Maguire et al (2006)
MRI scans
what is localization?
specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviour
Why can neural networks change?
Due to social cultural and personal experiences or because of brain injury
What is neurotransmission?
An electrical impulse travelling down the axon releasing neurotransmitters
Define epigenetics
The study of genetic expression
Structural and functional
Name two studies that supports localisation
Maguire et al (2006), (1997)
Raine et al (1997)
Eisenberger et al (2003)
What is neuroplasticity also called?
Brain plasticity or cortical remapping
Explain what an agonist and antagonist is
Agonist - enhances
Antagonist - inhibits
List factors that affect gene expression
1. Epigenome
2. Childhood adversities
3. Environmental stressors
4. methylation
name the three techniques
MRI, fMRI, PET Scan
What two main approaches are used to classify where certain behaviours stem from, in regards of what brain parts/areas are responsible for what behaviour?
Label through coordinates
Label through names
Explain Rosenzweig and Bennet et al (1972)
Rats
Frontal Lobe
Environmental Stimuli
IV and DV allows causation to be inferred
Using one study, argue how it supports the existence of human pheromones
Wedekind et al (1995)
Major Histocompatibility (MHC)
Explain the function of evolution in behaviour
Natural selection
Suggest an alternative technique that could have been used in Eisenberger et al (2003) and why?
depends on answer paper 3 style
How can localization lead to reductionist arguments?
Specific behaviour are linked to specific areas, without considering other factors.
Name key studies that can be used in SAQs and ERQs
Rosenzweig and Bennet et al (1972)
Watanabe et al (2016)
Luby et al (2012)
Maguire et al (2006)
Name the glands and function of adrenaline, cortisol and oxytocin
Adrenaline: gland - adrenals, function - fight or flight response, arousal
Cortisol: gland - adrenals, function - arousal, stress, memory
Oxytocin: gland - Pituitary and hypothalamus, function - social recognition via facial expression
What does Caspi et al (2003) suggest?
provides evidence of a gene by environment interaction. Presence of short alleles on the 5-HTT gene may increase risk of MDD
Name four limitations of modern technology
1. Availability and cost
2. Can lead to reductionist arguments
3. Fails to consider factors outside of the biological approach
4. Lack of high ecological validity
Explain localization using one study (SAQ format)
intro
middle
end
What is psychosocial genomics?
interdisciplinary study of gene expressions and how they can be shaped through sociocultural and personal experiences
What is the difference between hormones and neurotransmitters?
Hormones enter the bloodstream and take longer to change behaviour than neurotransmitters.
What does Plomin and Deary et al (2015) argue is the most heritable behavioural trait?
intelligence