Biochemistry 1.0
What does it mean if a molecule is organic?
Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates
Simple Sugars
What is an enzyme? What kind of compound is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions. Enzymes are proteins.
What is passive transport?
The movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require energy.
What do plant cells contain that keep them from bursting?
Cell wall
What are examples of an organic compound?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids etc.
What are the building blocks of lipids?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are the factors that affect enzyme activity?
pH, temperature, concentration
What is active transport?
The movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires energy.
The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable. What does selectively permeable mean?
The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
What are examples of inorganic compounds?
Water, Carbon Dioxide, etc.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
What is pH?
A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is
What is a factor that determines if a substance can move across a cell membrane?
concentration, polarity
Osmosis is a type of ____________ transport that involves the movement of _______________.
Passive; water
What is dehydration synthesis?
Removing water to put smaller molecules (monomers) together to build a larger molecule (polymer)
During chemical digestion, large food molecules are broken down to smaller food molecules by the process of
Hydrolysis
What is the difference between acidic, basic, and neutral substance?
Acids have a pH lower than 7, Neutral substances have a pH of 7, bases have a pH greater than 7
How will a cell be affected if it is placed in distilled water?
The cell will gain water and possibly burst.
How will a cell be affected if placed in salt water?
The cell will shrink as it loses water.
What is hydrolysis?
Adding water in order to split larger molecules (polymers) apart into smaller molecules (monomers)
The change in the shape of an enzyme molecule can occur at high temperatures. This change is known as
Denaturation
What is a substrate?
The molecule that an enzyme works on.
A cell with 15% salt is placed in a beaker of water containing 8% salt. What will happen to the cell?
The cell will swell as water diffuses in.
What does it mean to say a substance is moving down its concentration gradient?
The substance is moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.