1
2
4
s
ambiguou
diabetes
you know
tumor markers
100
Panic values and normal range for sodium
<115 and >155 are the panics
135-145 is normal range
100
Normal value for GFR
>60
100
ALT is for what
sensitive and specific to liver disease
100
Most sensitive test to detect metastatic tumors to liver
Alk phos
100
Lipid Panic Value
Cholesterol >240
LDL> 160
HDL< 40
Triglyceride >500
100
Normal fasting insulin levels
< 25
100
What labs are measured yearly for Type 1 DM
Lipids, liver function, Alb/ CR ratio, Creatinine, and Celiac disease
100
What are tumor markers
Substances that do not normally appear in peripheral circulation or appear in high than normal levels
200
Calcium panic values and normal ranges
<6 and >13 panic values
normal range is 8.6-10
200
Both of these mean the same thing and measure kidney function
GFR and Creatinine clearance
200
AST is
elevated level indicate liver disease, but not very specific
200
This will cause Elevated Alk Phos, but is physiologic
Bone growth in children
200
This is similar to A1C, but only takes 1-2 weeks to test
Fructosamine
200
Continuous Glucose sensors measure how often
q 5 sec and averaged every 5 minutes
200
What lab don't you need to measure for Type 2 DM
Celiac
200
What else do you need other than Tumor markers to diagnose CA
Biopsy
300
Potassium panic values and normal ranges
<2.5 and >7 panic values
3.5-5.9 normal range
300
Anion Gap equation and what is the normal range
Na-Cl-HCO3
normal range is 8-15 but differs from PP
300
Proteins test measures these
pre-albumin, albumin, globulin
300
Building blocks of antibodies
globulins
300
Pre DM Values
FPG 100-125
OGTT 140-199
A1C 5.5-6.4
300
How often do you change the free style libre sensor vs the Dexcon
14 days for the libre and 10 days for the Dexcon
300
When do yo screen for Type 1 DM
unexplained weight loss, ketones in urine, lean body, Hx of autoimmune Dx, Family Hx DM1
300
TM are sensitive or specific to CA
sensitive to CA but not specific
400
Magnesium panic values and normal ranges
Panic values are <0.5 and >3
Normal range is 1.3-2.1
400
MMC of Low anion Gap
lab error, need to repeat
400
Maintains osmotic pressure in blood and transports drug, hormones, and enzymes
albumin
400
how often do you check A1C
Q 3 months or if well controlled it can be q 6 months
400
What is this
Acanthosis Nigricans
400
What is special about the Dexcon sensor
It can alert to different devices to tell doctor or family if abnormal
400
Tests to differ from Type 1 and type 2 of DM
-Positive GAD-Antibodies which is an enzyme that the pancreas needs to function
-Islet cell Abs
-Absent C peptide
400
CEA is sensitive for what areas of cancer
GI or colon, Breast, Lung, Pancreatic, Hepatobilliary
500
Normal value for chloride
98-106
500
when should you measure for anion gap
metabolic acidosis
500
Low albumin can be caused by?
severe liver disease (can't make it anymore), Severe kidney disease (pee it out)
500
Normal range for A1C
<6.5 per AACE
500
Components of Metabolic Syndrome
Low HDL, HTN, Insulin Def, elevated Triglycerides, Abdominal obesity
500
What is the only sensor with a pump included is what?
the Guardian and it is changed q 7 days
500
Pancreatitis risk if TG are over what
1000
500
What is used for screening for those with family Hx of medullary Thyroid cancer
Calcitonin- M<19, F <14
600
What high end for Anion gap
>16
600
from the breakdown of heme
Bilirubin
600
True or false GFR declines with age?
True
600
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes
FPG >126mg/dL
Random glucose of >200mg/dL with symptoms
OGTT >200mg/dL
A1C >6.5%
If non symptommatic, then retest. A second abnormal is Diagnostic. If symptomatic than 1 test will do
600
Whose at risk for Gestational DM
> 35 yo females
family Hx of DM
Past Hx of gestational DM
obesity
excessive Gestasional weight gain
600
What is the cause of temporary Hyperglycemia
Can be severe illness, stress, or steroids
600
5 Lipo-proteins found in the blood
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, IDL
600
What is the 2nd most common cause of cancer in men
Prostate Cancer and seen with elevated PSA