Geology Basics
What are the 4 layers of the earth? From center to outer
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
What are some characteristics of a mineral?
Luster
Color
Streak
Hardness
What is relative dating?
events of earth are placed in their proper order without knowing specifically how old they are
How much percentage of the earth was made by volcanoes?
80%
Which section of the earth is the thinnest?
Crust
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
When rocks break apart from erosion they are piled up and then after millions of years they are compressed and heated and pushed together to form a rock
What is mining?
Mining is the extraction of minerals and metal from the earth (natural resources).
What is Geology?
The science of the earth.
Where do volcanoes occur?
plate boundaries
in space on other planets, moons
under water
How old is the earth?
4.5 billion years old
How are Igneous rocks formed?
Formed when magma cools
This can happen inside the ground/volcano - intrusive
May take longer to cool
or outside - extrusive
Cools down quickly
What are two examples of minerals we use in everyday life? What are they used for?
Talc
Coal
Salt
Flourite
Diamonds and graphite are both made of?
carbon
How are volcanoes formed (the 3 ways)?
Inside the earth, heat and pressure causes rock to melt into magma…
Magma can rise when plates slowly move away from each other. The magma rises up to fill in the space. When this happens underwater, volcanoes can form.
plates move toward each other, part of Earth's crust can be forced deep inside
Hotspots
What geological time period are we currently in?
Holocene
What's the difference between magma and lava?
Magma - molten rock inside the earth's surface
Lava - on the surface of earth
What are the 5 criteria a mineral must meet to be considered a mineral?
Naturally occurring - humans have no role in making them
2) Inorganic - substance is not made by an organism
3) Solid - not a liquid or gas
4) Definite chemical structure - made of specific elements
5) Atoms are in an ordered structure
Draw and label a volcano:
throat, sill, magma chamber, vent, crater, ash cloud,
picture
What is an example of a composite volcano?
Vesuvius
How thick is the inner core?
1540 miles
2440 km
Why do Igneous rocks have a lot of dents?
bubbles from lava cooling
According to the 5 criteria, is solid ice a mineral?
1)Naturally occurring - humans have no role in making them
2) Inorganic - substance is not made by an organism
3) Solid - not a liquid or gas
4) Definite chemical structure - made of specific elements
5) Atoms are in an ordered structure
Name one example of each type of rock
Sedimentary:
- Sandstone, limestone, shale
Igneous
- Granite, Basalt, Pumice
Metamorphic
-Marble, Gneiss, Slate
Explain what a shield volcano is
volcano that builds out rather than up due to the continuous lava flow