LTW
The first part of an essay, developed after the body and the conclusion of the essay are written
Introduction
The opening of an essay or speech, placed at the beginning of the introduction. Its purpose is to make the audience receptive to the speech or essay so they will listen.
exordium
When someone asserts that we must choose between two things, when in fact we have more than two alternatives....
Either-or fallacy
conquer
vinco, vincere, vici, victus 3, tr.
speech, prayer
oratio, orationis
In writing, it is the ending of a text. It is prepared after the body of the text, and before the Introduction.
conclusion
The response to an opposing argument. For the persuasive essay, you anticipate two arguments that your opponent will have against your thesis. A refutation states those two counter-proofs and why they are inadequate.
Refutation
This type of fallacy takes a sample from a class of things, then, using the characteristics from that sample, says something about everything in that class.
Generalization
seek, beg, request
peto, petere, petivi, petitus, 3, tr
arms
arma, armorum
The canon of composition by which the author orders the materials gathered in the invention canon in a manner suited to the type of essay being written. It is sometimes called dispositio
arrangement
The first canon of rhetoric during which the writer discovers material (an inventory) for the text. This canon is also called Discovery; coming up with something ot say when we write.
Invention
When comparing two or more items with each other, we notice that these items are the same in one or more ways and conclude that they will be the same in other ways also.
reasoning by analogy
drive, repulse, rout
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus, 3, tr.
commander in chief
imperator, imperatoris
5 common topics
comparison, definition, circumstance, relation and testimony
Part of an essay's conclusion in which the writer states to whom his issue matters, and why it matters to that person or group
amplification
When the similarities between the items are being compared are major and the differences only minor, then that analogy is a
Strong analogy
strive, contend, hasten
contendo, contendere, contendi, 3, intr.
territory
fines, finium
three fundamental activities of writing (there are two more that we aren't covering yet)
Invention (ANI) Arrangement (outline) Elocution (saying it well!!)
A precise statement of the agreement and disagreement between the writer and an opponent
division
When someone says that what is true of part of something must also be true of the whole thing, he is using this fallacy.
part-to-whole
put, place, set, pitch
pono, ponere, posui, positus
letter, dispatch
litterae, litterarum