Study of Life Part 1
Independent = manipulate; Dependent = outcome
What do phylogenetic trees tell us? Rooted vs. Unrooted?
Tells us relationships between organisms; Rooted = shows ancestor and time of lineage. Unrooted =does not show ancestor and time of lineage.
3 subatomic particle and charges?
Proton (positive), neutron (neutral), and electron (negative).
Atom vs. Element vs. Compound?
Atom = basic unit of matter; Element = made of different atoms; Compounds = formed by 2+ elements
What did Carolus Linnaeus propose?
Binomial naming system (classification)
4 properties of life you really need to know?
Energy, reproduction, adaptation, and homeostasis
Sister taxa vs. polytomy?
Sister taxa = 2 lineages share a common ancestor; Polytomy = 2+ lineages share a common ancestor
What is an isotope?
Different # of neutrons
pH scale and interpretation?
pH 0-6 = Acidic; 7 = Neutral; 8-14 = Basic
Gradualism (processes on earth continual)
Taxonomy order least to most specific?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
Inductive vs. deductive reasoning?
What is atomic number vs. atomic mass?
Atomic number = protons; Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
What is the octet rule?
Want 8 electrons (in outershell) to achieve chemical stability
What did Thomas Malthus propose?
Human population will exceed food availability
Population vs. community vs. ecosystem?
Pop = same species; Com = different populations interacting; Ecosystem = add abiotic factors
4 major ideas for Natural Selection?
VIST=Variation, Inheritance, Selection, and Time
Ionic vs. Covalent?
Ionic = giving/gaining electrons; Covalent = sharing electrons
What is electronegativity?
Relative attraction of each atom for electrons
What is convergent evolution and example?
Different evolutionary lineage but evolved similar adaptations
Answers vary
6 pieces of evidence for evolution?
Fossils, biogeography, convergent and divergent evolution, homologous structure, embryology, and molecular biology
Name some properties of water.
Ice less dense than liquid; high specific heat capacity; heat of vaporization; universal solvent; surface tension
Polar vs. non-polar covalent bonds?
Polar = not sharing electrons equally; non-polar = sharing electrons equally
Darwin's 3 principles?
1. Offspring vary; 2. More produced than able to survive. 3. Characteristics inherited from parent to offspring.