Medication Use during Pregnancy
The use of any medication during pregnancy could carry a risk for causing _____ to the developing fetus
birth defects
Drugs for children are ordered according to ____, because an approved standard medication dosage is nearly nonexistent
BSA/body weight
This category is a proven risk of fetal harm- studies in women have shown proof of fetal damage, but potential benefits of use during pregnancy may make administration acceptable despite risk
Category D
What is an unintended, undesirable and often unpredictable effect of a medication that causes unwanted symptoms
Adverse Reaction
Name two conditions that may result from polypharmacy
cardiac arryhthmias, disturbances in balance, constipation, gastric ulcers, hypertension or hypotension, rash...
What 3 factors determine the amount of drug that will circulate in the blood of the mother?
drug route, dosage and pharmacokinetic activities
Gastric _____ and gastric ______ cause differences in absorption in children.
motility; acidity
Remote risk of fetal harm- Studies have not demonstrated risk to fetus in first trimester and there is no risk in second or third trimesters
Category A
What adverse reaction can phenothiazines cause
Sudden Infant death syndrome
What are two questions you may ask the patient to prevent polypharmacy
"What dietary supplements, vitamins and OTC drugs do you take?"
"What pharmacies have you used in the past 2 years?"
"Who are all the physicians that you see, and what medications has each prescribed?"
During what trimester during pregnancy is the developing embryo/fetus at a greater risk for fetal defects is exposed to teratogens?
What two things should be measured in children at each office visit to ensure correct statistics for dosage determination?
Height and Weight
Proven fetal risk- One category is that studies show a definite risk of fetal abnormalities
Category X
Premature closure of epiphyseal lines of bones can be caused by taking what medication?
androgens
What age group is more prone to polypharmacy?
older adults
Which vaccine should not be given during the first trimester of pregnancy because of possible teratogenicity?
measles mumps-rubella (MMR)
1 years old
In 1983 the _________ established this system for classifying drugs into 1 of 5 categories according to their potential for fetal risks
FDA
Central nervous system toxicity
True or False: By taking accurate medical histories the allied health professional assists in the elimination of inappropriate medications and thus reduces undesirable effects of polypharmacy
TRUE
What recreational drug causes placenta to malfunction leading to intrauterine death?
Cocaine
This medication causes stained teeth in infants
tetracyclines
True or False: Every drug is assigned an FDA pregnancy category
FALSE
What medication can cause Reye's Syndrome following viral diseases?
Aspirin, Salicylates
What are some negative effects that can occur when taking multiple medications at one time
adverse reactions, medication errors, increased risk of hospitalization, drug disease interactions, drug nutrient interactions