Amniotic fluid
Cervix/placenta
Misc
Fetal anatomy
Fetal anatomy continued
100
AFI greater then 24cm
What is polyhydramnios?
DVP greater then 8cm
Greater the DVP, the greater risk of karytype abnormality
100
Normal cervical length
3-4cm
100
Most accurate methods for dates
What is provided LMP or 1st trimester US?
Never change dates based on 3rd trimester US
100
Measurement of ventricular atrium suggestive of hydrocephalus
What is greater then 10mm?
Appearance of dangling choroid
100
This structure is flanked be umbilical arteries on color doppler.
What is fetal bladder?
Nonvisualization of bladder is associated by bilateral renal anomalies.
200
Most accurate measusurement of oligohydramnios
What is DVP of less then 2cm by 1cm?
200
Earliest gestational age placenta previa can be diagnosed.
What is at 16 weeks?
Recommended follow up at 32 weeks
200
Gestational age fetal biometry used instead of CRL
What is at 14 weeks?
200
Important midline structure which is part of fetal anatomic survey
What is the Cavum septum pellicidum?
If absent, can indicate corpus callosum agenisis.
Don’t try to find corpus callosum.
200
32 week gestation. Name of this sign and association.
What is the lying down adrenal gland sign in renal a genesis?
300
2 types of fetal anomalies associated with polyhydramnios
What are fetal GI and CNS anomalies?
other causes:
maternal diabetes, fetal infections, disorders affecting fetal swallowing
300
32 week pregnancy undergoes trans abdominal US with limited visualization of cervix.
What is the next appropriate step?
What is transvaginal, transperineal, or translabial us?
300
Less then 10% fetal weight
What is IUGR or small for gestational age?
300
What is caudal regression?
Normal spine should be upturned towards sacrum..
300
Criteria to be mentioned about umbilical cord in normal fetal anatomic survey of fetal abdomen.
What is number of vessels and cord insertion on fetal abdomen?
400
At least two of the following list must be present to diagnose what fetal condition?
fetal pleural effusion, fetal pericardial effusion, fetal ascites, skin thickness >5mm, polyhydramnios, hepatomegaly, placental enlargment
What is Hydrops?
heart failure, volume overload, decreased oncotic pressure, increased vascular permeability
400
17 weeks pregnancy with distance between arrows is 1.5cm. What is diagnosis and appropriate next step
What is placenta previa and recommend 32 wk follow up
Placenta previa: placental edge is within 2cm from cervical os
No longer use marginal or partial
400
Percentile for fetal macrosomia
What is greater then 90%?
Also consider large for gestational age.
400
Unable to confirm 4 chamber heart from fetal positioning.
Next appropriate step?
What is repeat exam and/or refer for cardiac echo?
400
Fetal renal pelvic AP diameter considered abnormal.
What is 10mm?
500
name at least 3 causes of oligohydramnios
What are GU anomalies, ruptured membranes, and IUGR?
500
two diagnoses on this image.
What is vasa previa and velamentous cord insertion?
Vasa previa is very dangerous to fetus. 50% of undiagnosed cases lead to stillbirth
Correctly identified cases increase survival to 97%
500
This was recently added to this list for fetal anatomic survey for head:
cerebellum, choroid, cisterna magna, lateral ventricles, midline flax, cavum septum pellucidum
What are the lips?
500
The fetal anatomic survey of chest includes 4 chamber heart and this view was added.
What is cardiac outflow view or 3 vessel view?
500
What fetal condition is this doppler obtained for?
Is this normal or abnormal?
What is fetal anemia? Seen in alloimmunization, viral infections, monochorionic
Done in hydrops.
This is normal high resistance MCA doppler.
cerebroplacental ratio=MCA/umbilical artery
600
Cause of polyhydramnios in this case
What is a sacral coccygeal Teratoma causing high Output state?
600
Ultrasound findings of this entity and associations?
What are placental lacune and loss of retroplacental clear space?
What is prior C-section and placenta previa?
Placenta Accreta, increta, and percreta
600
What are these lines used to determine?
What is cardiac axis?
600
This is associated with IUGR, vasa previa, and twin -twin transfusion.
What is a velamentous cord insertion?
600
1.In the fetal anatomical survey, this structure can be not seen in normal fetuses with normal AFI.
1. What is the stomach bubble?
2. What is the duodenum?
Absent stomach bubble with polyhydramnios, suspect esophageal atresia
Duodenal atresia assoc with Trisomy21