Political Philosophy
What is gerrymandering
A method of sorting votes to give false results
What was the biochemical cause of the 18th Century Enlightenment?
the transition from beer to coffee and tea
What are the two main branches of logic?
Deduction and Induction
What is meant by Platonic dualism?
Defining reality in terms of Forms and Particulars
What one correct theory of Greek philosophy was clearly transmitted to medieval Europe?
that the earth is a sphere
What are the four freedoms and where are they found?
The Four Freedoms are religion, speech, press and assembly, and they are found in the First Amendment to the Constitution.
What was the most important concept in the 18th Century Enlightenment which is thought to operate the same in all people?
Reason
Which branch of logic can provide certainty?
deduction
Why was Socrates the wisest Greek?
because he recognized how little he knew
What was the revolution in perspective involved in Copernicus' De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium?
Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory that the sun, and not the earth, is the center of the universe.
What are the three basic forms of government?
monarchy, oligarchy and democracy
What was the important idea in the 18th Century Enlightenment that was identified with the good and the beautiful?
Nature
Which branch of logic provides only probability?
induction
What did Aristotle say were the principles underlying substance?
form and matter
Who published Principia Mathematica in 1687?
Isaac Newton
What is Article One of the Constitution about?
the legislative branch of government
What important idea of the 18th Century Enlightenment concerned the operation of reason on nature?
Progress
Name two steps in scientific method.
forming a hypothesis and testing a hypothesis
How did Aristotle answer Parmenides' statement that 'Being is One'?
Aristotle used his categories (of both simple terms and real being) to answer that 'one' is a quantity and quantities are always a measure of something and are dependent upon substance.
According to Kuhn, what is the name for a set of assumptions governing how we interact and interpret the world
a paradigm
What is the subject of the Thirteenth Amendment?
the abolition of slavery
What two important concepts of John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government influenced the American Declaration of Independence?
republican government by the consent of the governed
What is a formal fallacy?
an invalid deductive argument
How did Aristotle reason against Pythagoras' theory that men contributed all of the material to produce children, and women were merely the receptacle?
Aristotle noted that people sometimes resemble their mother or grandmother as well as their father or grandfather and that men could not contribute everything to making a female.
What was the main thread of analogical reasoning that led Charles Darwin to his theory which was published in 1859?
the analogy between artificial selection and natural selection