Vasculature
Dorsal scapular artery supplies what muscles?
Bonus, what does it branch off of?
Levator scapulae and rhomboid. It also contributes to anastomosis around scapula.
Branches off subclavian, usually. Does have variation.
35 yo female has developed an aneurysm of the proximal portion of her axillary artery. The aneurysm is causing compression of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. What muscles of the shoulder region may be impaired?
Pectoralis major
Question is basically which muscles innervation arises from the lateral cord? We know lateral pectoral nerve does WHICH innervates the pec major.
What drug causes tetanic muscular contractions in a broad spectrum of trematodes and cestodes? It is also a calcium agonist.
Praziquantel
Patient presents with dorsal hand pain. The pain is discovered to be due to tenosynovitis of the tendon(s) passing through the 6th (most medial) compartment on the dorsum of the wrist. What muscles tendon is most likely inflamed and causing pain?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
A patient refuses to eat fruits and veggies, because she is scared so she boils all of them. She has decreased wound healing, what vitamin deficiency would she most likely have?
Vitamin C
All the others are heat stable and ft soluble so they would be okay after boiling.
Vitamin C involved in scurvy
Transverse cervical supplies what muscles?
Branch of what arterial trunk?
Dominant blood supply to trapezius.
Thyrocervical trunk, which is off of subclavian.
What muscles would be affected by a fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
We know supra and infraspinatus and teres minor all insert on the greater tubercle.
Hydatid cyst disease is related to which parasite?
Echinococcus granulosis
Lunate bone dislocation would most likely result in what injured nerve?
Fracture of shaft of humerus results in what injured nerve?
Lunate-Median nerve
Shaft of humerus- Radial nerve
47 yo male is asking to be released from the hospital 7 days post myocardial infarction, he says he will exercise to prove he is okay. In terms of wound healing why should he not participate in strenuous cardiac exercise this early, what growth factors have not completed Neo-vascularization of the infarcted area?
FGF and VEGF
The first branch (part I) off of the axillary artery has what artery and what does it supply?
Superior thoracic artery, it supplies pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and serratus anterior muscles
Pectoralis minors function?
Protraction and some depression of the scapula
Humans can develop an ADULT tapeworm in their intestine if they consume what?
Undercooked meat, containing CYSTICERCI
Humans can develop cysticercosis is they consume EGGS or PROGLOTTIDS
A 5 yo boy presents with a radial head subluxation due to being picked up by his upper limb by his older brother. What type of articulation was injured in the patient?
Synovial- pivot
brings pronation and supination of the forearm
What tissue has the least intrinsic regenerative ability?
Cardiac, ie why MI is so bad. You are left with scar tissue in the heart.
The second branch (part II) of the axillary artery contains which arteries?
Lateral thoracic artery and the thoracoacromial artery. (thoracoacromial artery has three branches, BRS says 4 branches..... bonus points!)
27 yo male fell from the parallel bars during a gymnast routine. Examination reveals he has sustained a lesion of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. What muscle will most likely be weakened due to the lesion?
Pec major
pec minor
subclavius
supraspinatus
teres minor
Teres minor
First... ask yourself
What nerves arise form the posterior cord?
Radial nerve- we know
Axillary n- deltoid and teres minor
Upper, lower subscapular- teres major and subscapularis
Middle subscapular- lat
Trichinella spiralis adult worms are parasites of what?( where do they live?) And juveniles reside where??
Adults = small intestinal crypts
Juveniles = nurse cells/muscle fibers in skeletal muscle
Which of the following structures is implicated in Dupuytren's contracture?
Palmar aponeurosis
The longitudinal bands of palmar aponeurosis become fibrotic in this disease
Which tissues get stuck in G0, and which tissues can be called back?
Cardiac and nerve cells
Liver cells can be called back by external cues
What arteries make up the scapular anastomosis?
Dorsal scapular, suprascapular, acromial branch of thoracoacromial, circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex AND intercostal artery.
A 42 yo male presents to his physician after falling out of his pick up while unloading furniture. He fell on the point of his shoulder and dislocated his acromioclavicular joint. What is true about the anatomical characteristic of this joint?
A. saddle type of articulation
B. Articulation between medial end of clavicle and the scapula
C. Its most important stabilizing structure is the coracoclavicular ligament
D. The long head of the biceps tendon passes through the joint capsule
Its most important stabilizing structures is the coracoclavicular ligament
How does Echinococcus granulosus differ from Taenia solium?
Echinococcus has only three segments
Taenia solium has more
They both are cestodes
A rock climber falls and lands on his shoulder, resulting in an avulsion fracture of the lesser tubercle. Which of the following would most likely have sustained damage due to trauma?
A. Coracohumeral ligament
B. Infraspinatus
C. Subscapularis
D. Supraspinatus
E. Teres Minor
Subscapularis
We know that infraspinatus and supraspinatus and teres minor insert on greater tubercle.
To me, coracohumeral ligament didn't make sense...
During collagen remodeling which one is replaced with what collagen?
What enzyme removes the collagen that is being replaced?
Type III is replaced with type I
Type I is high tensile strength and present in skin, bone, tendons and organs.
Collagenase removes type III collagen and requires zinc cofactor