Whatsamatta with you?
These “pathways” release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.
Catabolic
Hydrolysis releases this much energy per mole of ATP.
∆G = -7.3 kcal/mol
The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction. is known as this
Activation energy
This, my favorite enzyme, is the one that actually makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
ATP synthase
The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _____ while the light independent reactions take place in the ______.
Thylakoids; stroma
According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, every energy transformation increases this in the universe.
Entropy/disorder
The use of an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic process is known as this.
Energy coupling
After substrate binding, this is a change in an enzyme’s shape to better grip the substrate.
Induced fit
This 3-carbon molecule is the end product of glycolysis.
Pyruvate
Photosystem II best absorbs light with a wavelength of ____ nm while photosystem I best absorbs light with a wavelength of ______ nm.
680; 700
Most energy enters an ecosystem in the form of light and leaves as this
Heat
These are the 3 principle molecules that make up ATP.
Ribose, adenine, and phosphate groups.
Vitamins and minerals often assist enzymes in their function and are known as this.
The energy payoff phase of glycolysis produces this much ATP.
4
This is likely the main reason why plants have evolved multiple, different pigments to be used in photosynthesis.
Increase the portion of the light spectrum that can be used.
This type of thermodynamic system (which includes living organisms) allows the exchange of matter & energy.
Open system
This term describes an exergonic & not an endergonic rxn because energy input is not needed.
Spontaneous
These 2 environmental factors can greatly affect the functioning of an enzyme.
Temperature and pH
Before joining the citric acid cycle, the end product of glycolysis is first converted to this molecule.
Acetyl CoA
This most abundant enzyme catalyzes the first carbon fixation step in the light independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Rubisco
This is the mechanism by which heat increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
This is the ∆G value of cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose.
-686 kcal/mol
These are 2 of 4 ways that an enzyme can accelerate a chemical reaction.
1- Strain bonds 2- Allow reactants to meet 3- Bond to substrate 4- Create a microenvironment
The exact site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is ___, while in prokaryotes, it is ___.
Inner mitochondrial membrane; plasma membrane
This is the first 4 carbon compound that is produced by PEP carboxylase in the C4 pathway.
Oxaloacetate