Module 2

Definitions

100

Define the word stressors

An event or environmental agent responsible for initiating the body’s stress response            

100

Define situational stressors

$$$, job, relationships, school

100

Define physiological stressors

Trauma, surgery, temperature, pain, hemorrhage

100

Define endogenous and exogenous stressors

arising from within the body; from outside the body

500

Define external stressors (there's 2)

Adverse physical conditions (pain, temperature extremes)

Stressful psychological environments (poor working conditions, abusive relationships)

Definitions

100

Define homeostasis

State of constancy and the ability of a system to remain stable by regulating variables that can affect the system

100

Define Control Systems

Function to keep a physical or chemical parameter of the body constant

100

What are the three parts of the control system?

Sensor

Integrator

Effector

100

Are control systems negative feedback or positive feedback?

Negative

500

List and define the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

Alarm Stage: immediate response to stressor (sympathetic activation)

Resistance Stage: body attempts to cope with stressor 

Exhaustion Stage: Body’s resources are depleted and signs of “wear and tear” or systemic damage appear

Origin of Hormones

100

Origin of Norepinephrine and Epinephrine (aka catecholamines)

Locus ceruleus (brain stem), adrenal medulla

100

Origin of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF)

Hypothalamus

100

Origin of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

anterior-pituitary

100

Origin of Cortisol (known as a glucocorticoid)

adrenal cortex

500

Origin of Aldosterone & Origin of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Adrenal Cortex; hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

Functions of Hormones

100

Function of Norepinephrine and Epinephrine (AKA catecholamines)

Decrease in insulin release, increase in glucagon release resulting in increased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis, and decreased glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues; an increase in heart rate, cardiac contractility, and vascular smooth muscle contraction; and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

100

Function of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF)

Stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary and increases activity in neurons in the locus ceruleus.

100

Function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates the synthesis and release of cortisol

100

Function of Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

Potentiates the actions of epinephrine and glucagon; inhibits the release and/or actions of the reproductive hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone; and produces a decrease in immune cells and inflammatory mediators.

500

Function of Aldosterone and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Increase water absorption by the kidney; produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels; stimulates the release of ACTH.

Definitions

100

Define Parasympathetic Definition for the Autonomic Nervous System

Helps with recovery, but can be overactivated in conditions like asthma

100

Define sympathetic definition for the autonomic nervous system

Fight or flight, responds to acute stress

100

List the signs of the sympathetic nervous system in terms of heart rate and salivation

increased heart rate; decreased salivation

100

List the 3 Effects of the Immune System's Response to Stress

Decreased immune cell production

Decreased thymus activity

Changes in the kind of immune cells produced

500

List 5 Treatments of Stress Disorders

Relaxation Techniques 

Guided Imagery

Music Therapy

Massage Therapy

Biofeedback