Radionuclide
6 hours; IT; 140 KeV
Tc-99m
Posting Requirement for a restricted area?
>2 mR/hr
What is the most stable chemical form of Tc?
7+
What kind of equilibrium is a Tc-99m generator?
Transcient
Glomerular filtration
Tc-99m DTPA
True or False?
F-18 FDG is good for primary prostate cancer imaging.
I-123 ioflupane binds to what?
dopamine transporters
When should you reduce number of particles for an MAA scan?
Pulmonary Hypertension
Known R>L Shunt
Pediatric
What is the standard meal at UIHC?
2 eggs, 1 toast, and 120 cc water
110 min; Beta +; 511 KeV
What is ALARA?
As low as reasonably achievable.
True or False?
Tc(VII) is the weakest oxidizing agent.
True
What makes a generator good?
When the daughter has a shorter half-life than a long-lived parent
MAG3
Tubular Secretion
What is the blood glucose limit for an F-18 FDG scan and why?
200 because the high blood sugar competes with the FDG to get the glucose transporter.
Why is SC better than TcO4- for liquid gastric emptying?
Non-absorbable in GI Tract
True or False
Direct venipuncture is preferred for an MAA injection.
True. Particles could get stuck in tubing of an IV.
What is normal GFR?
~120 ml/min
75 seconds; Beta+; 511 KeV
Rb-82
What is radiation dose limits for the public without special cases?
0.1 rem/yr
What is Mo-99 impurity limit?
(Say complete answer)
0.15 uCi of Mo/ 1 mCi Tc at time of administration.
How is Secular equilibrium different than transcient?
secular's parent has a half-life that is WAY longer than the daughters
How is MDP lozalized in bone?
surface chemiasorption
What receptors do I-123 iobenguane bind to?
Adrenergic receptors
Name one advantage of doing in Vitro RBC than in Vivo RBC?
Higher labeling efficiency
Less risk of free pertechnetate
What are we looking for in a Meckel's Diverticulum scan?
Ectopic stomach tissue that could potentially secreting stomach acid
What RP is used for thrombosis studies that look for the formation of clots?
In-111 Platelets
What is the half-life and energy of I-131?
8 days and 364 KeV
Nic tells you to guess what the measure at 1 meter a package with a White I label has, what should you say?
0 mR/hr
How is Sn+2 useful for Tc chemistry?
Most common reducing agent.
How long does a Tc generator typically last?
14 days
Why do muscles take up F-18 FDG easily after exercise?
They localize by facilitated diffusion via glucose trasnporter
Fluciflovine used for prostate cancer staging is what kind of synthetic acid?
Amino Acid
0.5 x Weight(kg) with 40mg being max
Name one RP used for parathyroids scans.
Tl-201 and Tc-MIBI
What is the point of refrigeration of MAA?
Inhibit decomposition and microbial growth
What is the half-life and energy of I-123?
13 hours and 159 KeV
What is the whole body radiation dose limit of a worker?
5 rem/yr
Why is Tc(IV) useful as a lower oxidation state?
In order to chelate to other compounds
Why is the Tc-99m generator activity graph have a lower activity than a transcient graph?
Because only 86% of Mo99 turns into Tc-99m.
What is an example of phagocytosis?
SC in the liver by RES
True or False?
Insulin should be administered immediately before F-18 FDG injection in diabetic patients in order to decrease blood levels of glucose. Answer why for double points.
False because the FDG will go into muscle tissue instead.
How long does MDP take to localize to the bones?
15-30 min
Oh no! The liver and spleen are shown on a Lung Perfusion Scan. What happened?
Mechanical breakdown of particles making it 5microns or smaller
Why doesn't the UIHC do Xe-133 lung ventilation scans?
Needs NRC license
Needs to be in a room with negative air pressure
2.7 days; EC; 173,247 KeV
In-111
15 rem/yr is what part of the body's radiation dose limit?
Eyes
Excess acid and base is a form of what kind of impurity?
Chemical impurity
What kind of column generator do we use?
Wet Column Generator
How is MAA localized in the lungs?
By capillary blockage
Tl-201 is used to look at what tumors?
Brain, thyroid
Biodistribution of SC with percentages
80-85% liver
5-10% spleen
the rest in bone marrow
True or False?
Dobutamine is affected by caffeine just like Radadenoson.
False
Why does using dobutamine suck for patients as a stress agent?
It will directly stimulate the heart to beat faster and contract forcefully making it seem like the heart is beating out of their chest.
Which radionuclide has 11.4 day half-life and is the only alpha emitter that is used?
Ra-223
A package with a Yellow II label was delivered, what should be the surface reading?
<50 mR/hr
What can happen to the image if the chemicals are not pure?
Disclarity in the images
What kind of chemical process allow Tc and Mo to be separated?
pH and ion exchange
How is mebrofenin localized in liver/bile
active transport/secretion
Why does Ga-67 chelate to plasma transferrin after it's in the blood?
It is a stronger chelating agent than Citrate
How do you prepare an infusion of sincalide?
Add 5ml of distilled water into the sincalide vial and shake until clear. Draw as much as the physician's orders. Dilute to a total of 30ml with saline. Slow infusion over 30 min.
I-123 Ioflupane is an analog of what?
COCAINEEEEE
What RP's can be used if you want to do liquid and solid gastric emptying simultaneously?
Tc-SC and In-111 DTPA
What is the half-life and energy of Tl-201?
73 hrs and 167 KeV
For special cases, what is the public's radiation dose limit?
0.5 rem/yr
What is the pH limit for Al+3 when testing for chemical impurity
4 1/2 - 7 1/2
The Tc-99m generator wasn't eluted for one day, do we get twice the amount of elution the following day? Why?
No, you will either get the same amount or less due to decay of the Tc
What is the Removal of damaged or old RBC from the circulation by the spleen?
Cell sequestration
How long do you wait for imaging when using In-111 Petetrotide?
24 hours
Name one limitation of a HIDA scan?
GB must be in filling phase: NPO >2-4 hrs.
Narcotics causes contrictions to sphincter of Oddi
Jaundiced
What RPs are used for lymphoscintigraphy?
Double points if name all three
Tc-SC
Filtered SC
Tc-Tilmanocept
A patient is actively bleeding in their GI tract, but doctors don't know where. What RP can be used to look for an active bleed?
Tc-SC
What radionuclide is used for extrinisic uniformity that has a 270 day half-life?
Co-57
Strive to be only 10% of limits is what philosophy?
ALARA philosophy
What is the size of the boxes on the microscope slide when measuring MAA particles?
50 microns
Name a reason why a generator may stop working? (there are multiple answers)
-Pinch tubing
-No vacuum in the collection vial
-Improper vial puncture
What radionuclide uses receptor binding to somatostatin receptors of tumors?
Ga-68 dotatate
Name one RP used for somatosatin analogs?
In-11 Pentetrotide
Ga-68 DOTATOC
Ga-68 DOTATATE
What is the generic name for HIDA?
lidofenin. BRIDA is mebrofenin. UIHC just does what they want and call it HIDA anyway
What RP can be used for a First Pass study?
ANY except MAA
What does captopril do and what kind of scan is it used for?
Used for renal scans to help detect renal artery stenosis by blocking the production of angiotensin II
What radionuclide treats B-cell Non-Hogdkin Lymphomas with a 64 hr half-life?
Y-90
What is the equation for absorbed dose?
absorbed energy/mass
How long do USP sterility tests lasts?
14 days
Name another radionuclide generator besides Mo-99/Tc-99m
Sr-82/Rb-82
Ge-68/Ga-68
Breakdown of the BBB allowing water-soluble RP to penetrate brain in the area of affect tissue is an example of what?
Simple difussion
C-11 choline is a precursor molecule for biosynthesis of ______?
Cell membrane
What is the ideal number of particles for an MAA scan?
250,000-300,000
Name one disadvantage of using SC radioaerosol for lung ventilation?
Droplets settle by gravity
not true ventilation
difficult to control droplet size
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding