Tú Commands
Listen!
¡Escucha!
(Affirmative tú commands are derived from the él/ella/ud of the present tense)
Go!
¡Vaya!
Ir is an irregular usted command. When you try to use the yo present tense you get voy which you can't drop the o.
Don't take out the trash.
No saquen la basura.
Affirmative and negative uds commands are treated the same. Yo conjugation (saco), drop the o (sac), opposite ending (sacen). Realize that says sa/s/en. In order to recreate that c sound, we change it to saQUen.
Tú- Sit down.
Siéntate.
Affirmative tú= él/ella/ud in the present tense. Sentar is a stem change. Sienta.
Sit yourself down is reflexive so we need the tú pronoun te. For affirmative commands it goes at the end and we need an accent for stress purposes.
Uds- Learn it (the grammar).
Apréndanla.
Uds- present tense yo, -o, opposite ending with n.
Gramática is feminine singular, so the DOP is la. For affirmative commands it gets attached at the end. An accent is needed due to stress rules.
Leave!
¡Sal!
Salir is irregular for affirmative tú commands.
(ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé)
No lea.
Find the yo (leo), drop the o (le), add the opposite ending (lea).
For negative commands, don't forget (no olvides) the no.
The command for pedir
¡Pidan!
Pedir is a stem change in the present tense, yo conjugation (pido), drop the o (pid), add opposite ending (pidan).
Uds.- Don't stand up (parar)!
No se paren.
Uds commands, both affirmative and negative, are formed by present tense yo (paro) without the o and the opposite ending -en.
Since it's reflexive we need the uds. pronoun se.
As it's a negative command, the reflexive pronoun goes before the conjugated verb.
Ud.- Don't clean them (the plates).
No los lave.
Negative ud (same as affirmative)- present tense yo, -o, opposite ending. Lavar is an -ar verb so the opposite is -e.
Plates (los platos) is masculine plural. DOP-los. For negative commands it follows normal placement rules so it goes BEFORE the conjugated verb.
Don't speak.
No hables.
(Negative tú commands are derived from the yo present tense conjugation, drop the o, add the opposite ending. For -ar verbs, the opposite is -es.)
Drive.
Maneje. OR Conduzca.
(To form both affirmative and negative ud. commands, you use the present tense yo conjugation, drop the o and add the opposite ending. Tú endings typically end in s but ud. endings to not. Conducir also has an irregular yo to contend with.)
Think different.
Piensen diferente.
Pensar is a stem change (yo pienso), drop the o (piens), add opposite ending (piensen).
Uds.- Wake up!
¡Despiértense!
Uds commands (+/-) are formed by yo which for despertar is a stem change (despierto), drop the o and add opposite ending -en.
Waking yourself up is reflexive so I need reflexive se. For affirmative commands it's attached at the end. An accent is needed because of stress rules.
Tú- Tell it to me.
Dímelo.
To tell is decir which is irregular in the affirmative tú commands (ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé).
We also have a direct object (it) and an indirect object (to me). When we have two object pronouns we follow R.I.D. for the order. So the IOP me is first and the DOP lo goes second. Both go attached at the end of the affirmative command.
An accent is needed due to stress rules.
Don't start!
No empieces.
(Negative tú commands use the present tense yo, drop the o and add the opposite ending. Empezar would have the opposite -er ending. It also has a stem change of e to ie. Finally it's a -zar verb which requires a spelling change. The z becomes a c.)
Don't be sad.
No esté triste.
First, choose estar not ser. Estar is used for temporary conditions not emotions.
Estar is irregular because you can't follow the steps with estoy.
Play!
Jueguen!
This one requires two changes. Jugar is a stem change (yo juego), drop the o (jueg), opposite ending (juegen). THAT however says jue/h/en. Jugar is a -gar verb and requires a spelling change to keep the g sound so we add u.
Tú- Lie down.
Acuéstate.
Affirmative Tú commands are conjugated with the él/ella/ud. in the present tense. Acostar is a stem change. Acuesta.
It is also reflexive so we need the pronoun te. For affirmative commands they are attached at the end. An accent is needed due to stress rules.
Tú- Don't tell me.
No me digas.
Negative tú commands are formed by taking the yo conjugation (digo) without the o and adding the opposite ending. Since decir is an -ir verb, we need -as.
We have the indirect object (to me) so we need the pronoun "me". When dealing with negative commands it goes before the conjugated verb.
Sing, don't cry (llorar).
Canta, no llores.
Ay ay ay ay, two commands. Tú affirmative commands (DO sing) use the él conjugation (canta).
Tú negative commands (DON'T cry) use the yo conjugation (lloro), drop the o (llor), opposite ending (llores).
Turn off the light!
Apague la luz!
Turn off is apagar. Find the yo (apago), drop the o (apag), opposite ending (apage). PROBLEM: that's apa/h/e. -car, -gar, -zar words require a spelling change. To keep the g sound, add the u.
Both are affirmative ustedes commands. Find the yo (ahorro/vivo), drop the o (ahorr/viv), opposite endings (ahorren/vivan).
Uds- Get dressed!
Vístanse!
Get oneself dressed is reflexive vestirse. Yo conjugation is the stem change (visto), drop the o (vist), opposite ending (vistan). For affirmative commands, reflexive pronouns go attached at the end.
Ud- Give it (the homework) to her.
Désela.
Dar is irregular because you can't manipulate the yo conjugation doy so the irregular conjugation is dé.
We also have a direct object (the homework=la) and and indirect object (to her=le). Both pronouns go together so we use RID for the order leaving us with le then la. HOWEVER, Spanish doesn't like Délela. So they change the le to se.