Prum Paper
What is beauty? or aesthetic
What color do male sticklebacks develop on their throats and jaws during mating season?
Red
Explain the difference between natural selection and sexual selection.
Natural selection favors traits that increase survivability in order to have more offspring. Sexual selection favors traits that make a mate more attractive, even if the trait decreases survivability.
The early critic of Darwin's idea of Sexual Selection
Who is A.R. Wallace?
In the stickleback family tree, did nuptial coloration or red coloration evolve first? Bonus points if you know the color that most other members of the family display as nuptial coloration!
Nuptial coloration evolved first, and most other members of the family display black
What is sexual Dimorphism?
Where different sexes of the same species have different phenotypes or traits.
The model that Prum thought was appropriate for researching sexual selection.
What is the LK model? (Lande-Kirkpatrick model)
What else do male sticklebacks adorn with red during their mating season?
Their nests
Are large antlers a product of female choice, male-male competition, or both?
Both
According to Prum, a trait that is neither honest nor dishonest, it just exists.
What is an arbitrary trait?
The authors conducted the experiment on some juvenile sticklebacks that were raised in a lab as well. What bias were they hoping to control for by raising them in a lab?
A male trait that is extreme or vibrant due to sexual selection.
What is male ornamentation?
The two necessary components for simple aesthetic evolution.
What is a phenotypic signal through perception and evaluation with differential success?
Name at least three of the five fitness benefits that red coloration correlates with.
Male physical condition, offspring parasite resistance, courtship effort, nest defense, and/or mating success
This hypothesis describes the idea that mate choice is based on honest signals indicating stronger fitness.
What is the good genes hypothesis? or direct benefits