Food Webs
Ecological Disruptions
Symbiotic Relationships
Energy Flow & Trophic Levels
Misc.
100
Which 2 trophic levels does the bird (not the owl) belong to?
Primary consumers and secondary consumers
100
How is the beginning of primary succession different from the beginning of secondary succession?
Primary succession starts with bare rock (no soil).
100
The relationship between two organisms in which both benefit.
Mutualism
100
What percent of energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
10%
100
List the following in order from smallest to largest:
community, organism, ecosystem, population
Organism, population, community, ecosystem
200
List all of the secondary consumers in this food web.
Lion, jackal, wild cat, owl, snake
200
The two organisms that create soil in primary succession.
Lichens and mosses
200
The ecological relationship between ticks and humans.
Parasitism
200
90% of all energy in an ecosystem is lost as—
Heat
200
True or false: All bacteria are harmful.
False; Some bacteria are beneficial (like in the gut).
300
If producers receive 1000J of energy, how much energy does the trophic level containing the octopus receive?
10 J
300
Which succession sequence would most probably lead to the establishment of forests on barren rock areas?
- mosses → grass → lichens → woody shrubs
- lichens → mosses → grass → woody shrubs
- woody shrubs → grass → mosses → lichens
- grass → mosses → woody shrubs → lichens
lichens → mosses → grass → woody shrubs
300
Which relationship is mutualistic?
- an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator
- an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects
- a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats
- a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place
B. an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects
300
The loss of which organism would lead to the most instability in the ecosystem?
Mouse
300
When a toxin is introduced into an ecosystem, it builds up in which trophic levels? Upper or lower?
The upper levels like tertiary or quaternary consumers.
400
Besides producers, name an organisms that is part of the trophic level that receives more energy than starfish.
Limpets, zooplankton, or mussels (primary consumers)
400
Nitrogen, a nutrient found in fertilizer, helps plants increase in size. Rainwater runoff often carries fertilizer into ponds and lakes.
What effect does excess nitrogen have on organisms in a pond or lake ecosystem?
- Algae grows rapidly.
- Mutations occur gradually in fish.
- Clam shells are slowly weakened.
- Frogs adapt quickly to new food sources.
Algae grows rapidly.
400
What is the name of the relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is unaffected?
Commensalism
400
Which trophic level contains 1% of the energy absorbed by the producers?
secondary consumers (omnivores)
400
The longer they have been established, ecosystems have MORE or LESS biodiversity?
MORE biodiversity
500
If the jackal's trophic level has 100 J of energy, how muck energy do the producers have?
10,000 J
500
Black terns are a species of bird living in marshes, ponds, and marshy lakes. They feed on insects, fish, and crustaceans. They usually make their nests on loose, floating vegetation.
Which of the following environmental changes would most likely decrease the size of the black tern population?
- A competing bird population decreases in size.
- Fish species have a more successful breeding season than usual.
- A new plant species invades the environment and creates a dense cover of vegetation.
- Insect larvae experience lower than average rates of predation and survive to adulthood.
C. A new plant species invades the environment and creates a dense cover of vegetation.
500
How would clams, oysters, and mussels most likely be affected if the amount of plankton in a large body of water was significantly reduced?
- They would increase in number.
- They would find a new food source.
- They would become prey to other animals.
- They would compete for a limited food source.
D. They would compete for a limited food source.
500
How does the movement of energy in an ecosystem differ from the movement of matter in an ecosystem?
Matter CYCLES due to decomposers but energy FLOWS and is not reused.
500
Which of the following human activities reduces biodiversity?
- prohibiting hunting in wildlife preserves
- taking tissue samples from members of endangered species
- planting only native grass species to prevent erosion beside highways
- planting only red pine trees to replace native hardwood forests cut for lumber
planting only red pine trees to replace native hardwood forests cut for lumber