Amer. Gov't & Civic Engagement
This city made national news when its drinking water was contaminated due to government mismanagement
What is Flint, Michigan?
Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were known by this name
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
The Framers preferred federalism over this other type of system for ordering different levels of government that they had experienced under British rule
What is a unitary system?
This clause of the 5th Amendment prevents the government from retrying somebody on the same charges after they have been acquitted
What is Double Jeopardy?
This Amendment to the U.S. Constitution extended the right to vote to women in elections
What is the 19th Amendment?
In this case, the Supreme Court gutted the meaning of the 14th Amendment by ruling that racial segregation laws were constitutional so long as each race was provided with separate but equal accommodations
What is Plessy v. Ferguson
In this form of government the people participate directly in making government decisions instead of choosing representatives to do this for them
What is direct democracy?
This compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention resulted in counting all of a state's free population and 60 percent of its slave population for the purpose of allocating seats in the House of Representatives
This clause of the Constitution guarantees that states must recognize one another's official records and proceedings
What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
This provision of the First Amendment prohibits the government from enacting laws discriminating against specific religious groups
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
This is the period from 1865 to 1877 during which the governments of Confederate states were reorganized prior to being readmitted to the Union
What is Reconstruction?
This 1954 Supreme Court ruling struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine by declaring racial segregation in public education was unconstitutional
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This theory of power in American government asserts that politics is controlled by a few wealthy individuals for the benefit of themselves
What is elite theory?
The constitutional allocation of authority across three different branches of government is known as this
What is separation of powers?
This style of federalism, in which the states and national government exercise exclusive authority in distinctly delineated spheres of jurisdiction, is also known as layer-cake federalism
What is Dual Federalism?
The government's power of eminent domain to seize private property is limited by this provision of the 5th Amendment
What is Just Compensation?
This federal agency was established after the Civil War to establish schools and guarantee fair treatment for recently freed slaves
What is the Freedman's Bureau?
McCulloch v. Maryland is notable because it is the first case in which the Supreme Court interpreted the implied powers clause and this other clause of the Constitution
What is the National Supremacy Clause?
In this form of government, the government is considered more important than the citizens and controls all aspects of citizens' lives. Rights are limited and the government does not allow criticism or opposition.
What is totalitarianism?
This model of government proposed by a leading framer of the Constitution placed substantial restrictions on democracy, in which the people's voice was indirect
What is the Madisonian Model?
This style of federalism, termed "marble cake" federalism by Morton Grodzins, is characterized by coordination of state and national government efforts
What is Cooperative Federalism?
Government surveillance programs meant to counter terrorism are controversial because they might violate this provision of the Bill of Rights
What is the 4th Amendment prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure?
Hiram Revels is best-known to history for this accomplishment
Who is the first African American to serve in the United States Congress
The case of Lemon v. Kurtzman established a 3-part test for determining whether a government action violated this provision of the Bill of Rights
What is the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment?
This plan introduced at the Constitutional Convention would have created a two-house legislature in which representatives in the lower house would be popularly elected and representatives in the upper house would be chosen by the lower house
What is the Virginia Plan?
This dynamic causes states to compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations, often to workers' and taxpayers' detriment
What is the Race to the Bottom?
This type of law was originally created to uphold a religious or moral standard, such as a prohibition against selling alcohol on Sundays
What is a Blue Law?
These laws passed by southern states shortly after the Civil War were meant to re-subjugate recently freed slaves by forcing them to sign labor contracts
What are Black Codes?
Griswold v. Connecticut was the first case to establish that the Bill of Rights implied a right to this
What is the right to privacy?