Introduction to Learning
This is the process that allows for enduring changes in how we think and behave.
What is Learning?
This kind of learning occurs when we observe and imitate behavior.
What is Observational Learning?
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
What is Unconditioned Response?
This learning focuses on shaping voluntary behaviors through the consequences of those behaviors.
What is Operant Conditioning?
In order to be able to punish my cat even when I'm not near enough to reach him, I have paired the sound of a clicker with getting squirted with water. Now, the sound of the clicker causes him to startle.
What is Classical Conditioning?
There are two basic forms of learning: associative learning and _________.
What is Nonassociative Learning?
This kind of observational learning is something infants have a capacity for at birth?
What is Imitation?
Who was the founding founder of classical conditioning?
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Reinforcement refers to consequence that increases behavior while ________ refers to consequence that decreases behavior.
What is Punishment?
In a weight management class, participants earn points for every healthy meal they eat and every period of exercise the complete. Later, these points result in refunds of their class fees.
What is Operant Conditioning
This form of learning involves connections between stimuli and responses to them.
What is Associative Learning?
Albert Bandura put forth this theory of how children learn from others.
What is Social Learning Theory?
When is was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered a _________. After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.
What is a Neutral Stimulus?
_______ increases behavior by adding a pleasant consequence following the behavior. Ex. You get extra credit for joining game day today!
What is Positive Reinforcement?
When I first start teaching about a concept, I'll praise any answer that is close to the right answer.
What is Operant Conditioning?
Opposed to habituation, this occurs when our reflexive response to a stimulus strengthens.
What is Sensitization?
These neuron may support our ability to learn by imitation.
What are Mirror Neurons?
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what term describes what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
What is Extinction?
_______ increases behavior by eliminating an unpleasant stimulus following the behavior.
Ex. You have a headache, and you take a pain medication.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
After the bad car accident that Billy had last year, he cringes and breaks into a sweat at the sound of squealing brakes.
What is Classical Conditioning?
This is a method for assessing when someone has become habituated or sensitized to a stimulus.
What is Monitoring Eye Movements?
This refers to the transfer of information through teaching and learning across generations.
What is Cultural Transmission?
Jim conditioned Dwight to salivate when he heard a certain computer sound by using Altoids. Jim stopped giving Altoids because he ran out, so Dwight stopped salivating. However, the next week, Jim's computer program made the sound and Dwight started salivating again! This is known as _______?
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
_______ decreases behavior by adding an unpleasant consequence following the behavior.
Ex. Break the law and you'll get sentenced to community service.
What is Positive Punishment?
How does Classical Conditioning differ from Operant Conditioning in terms of the way in which conditioning arises?
Classical Conditioning results from the pairing of two stimuli (unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus) whereas the Operant Conditioning results when a response is followed by a reinforcer or punishment.