Brain Facts and Functions
Increases in this, the protective insulation surrounding neurons, is related to preschoolers improving cognitive capabilities and memory
What is myelin?
ZPD and Scaffolding
Vygotsky
Friendship patterns among boys in middle childhood show strong focus on this.
The stage that lasts from ages 2-7 during which children's use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and centration is prominent
What is Piaget's Preoperational Stage?
Parents of preschoolers in China see the purpose of preschool as giving children a good start academically, while Japanese parents see the purpose of preschool to give children this.
What is experience in being a member of a group?
During the preschool years, the 2 halves of the brain begin to specialize in different functions, through a process called this.
What is lateralization?
Micro-, Meso-, and Macro-systems
Who is Bronfenbrenner?
Friendship patterns for girls in middle childhood focus on this.
What is maintaining harmony and/or equal status relationships?
The stage described by William Damon where children begin to base their friendships on trust.
What is Stage 2?
This is the term for the maintenance of one's original culture while becoming integrated into the majority culture.
What is bicultural identity?
Researchers associate these with the development of empathy, an emotional ability growing throughout early and middle childhood.
What are mirror neurons?
Adaptation and Assimilation
Who is Piaget?
This type of bullying occurs when children are socially attacked, by deliberately excluding them from social activities.
What is relational bullying?
This stage is characterized by a focus on efforts to obtain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the complexities of the world.
What is Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage?
Greater cognitive flexibility, solving problems with creativity, and a higher self-esteem, especially in minority students, are all advantages that have been associated with this ability.
What is bilingualism?
Reading produces significant changes in the wiring of the brain, especially boosting the organization of this area.
What is the visual cortex?
Identity versus Role Diffusion
Who is Erikson?
What is on aspect of friendships in middle childhood that has been seen to occur in almost all societies and cultures?
What is the segregation of friendships according to gender?
In this stage of reading development, children use reading as a means for learning about the world, but still comprehend and process what they read only with a single perspective.
What is stage 3, occuring during 4th to 8th grades?
The view of American society as a "melting pot" in which all cultures are amalgamated in to a unique, American culture.
What is the cultural assimilation model?
According to Daniel Siegel, a person's brain isn't considered fully developed until this time of life.
What is the mid-twenties?
2 way communication, Complex sense of self, Emotional regulation, Circles of communication
Who is Stanley Greenspan?
These are important aspects of the most effective school programs at reducing the incidence of bullying.
What are enlisting and involving students, empowering students to stand up for victims, and seeking to change the overall school climate?
Immanent justice is something children believe and act according to during the heteronomous stage of moral development, according to the framework developed by this theorist.
Who is Piaget?
Educators in the 1970s suggested replacing the cultural assimilation model with this, which emphasizes that American society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features.
What is the pluralistic society model?