The foot
What are the compartments of the foot and which is the thickest portion
medial, lateral, central, interosseous
central being the thickest portion
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Tibial
What are the three ligaments that comprise the lateral ankle
- anterior talofibular ligament
- posterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular ligament
What classifies a Pott's fracture of the ankle?
Forced eversion of the ankle causing the deltoid ligament to pull off the medial malleolus - an avulsion fracture
What is the name of the common insertion site of Gracilis, serratus and semitendonosis?
What superficial veins start on the dorm of the foot?
great saphenous and small saphenous
Which muscle would be analogous to the Palmaris longus? What is its function
Plantaris muscle
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexion
What ligament arises from the anterior border of the calcaneus, attaching to the plantar surface of the navicular bone and when weakened, can cause flat footedness?
Spring ligament
describe a trimalleolar fracture
- both malleoli involved + posterior inferior tibia
- results in an unstable joint
- requires emergent orthopedic consultation
- largely motor vehicle accident related (foot gets jammed underneath brake or gas pedals)
Which muscle is both an adductor and a hamstring? What is the innervation of each component?
Adductor Magnus
Adductor portion: obturator nerve
Hamstring portion: tibial nerve
Describe the subtalar joint
Type of joint?
type of Movement at joint?
Action?
aka talocalcaneal joint
•Synovial joint
•Gliding
•Location where eversion/inversion occurs
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg? What is their common innervation and function?
• Tibialis anterior m.
• Extensor hallucis longus m.
• Extensor digitorum longus m.
Function: Plantar flexion + flexion of toes
innervation: tibial nerve
What ligament joins the medial malleolus to the talus, sustentaculum tali, the tuberosity of the navicular bone & the spring ligament.
Deltoid ligament
What is the most commonly injured ligament of the ankle
Anterior talofibular ligament
Which of the quadriceps muscles flexes at the thigh? Why?
Rectus femoris. It the hip + knee, originating on The AIIS
What four intrinsic muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
What is the significance of the tibial tuberosity? (TWO POINTS)
1. the patellar tendon's ligament inserts here as does the quadriceps femurs
2. At the tibial tuberosity, the popliteal artery splits in the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
What ligaments are injured in a high ankle sprain
- anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL)
- posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL)
- interosseous (IO)
Damage to what nerve will cause foot drop?
Deep peroneal n.- inability to dorsiflex the ankle
Name the hamstring muscles. What is their common origin?
• Semitendinosus m.
• Semimembranosus m.
• Biceps femoris m.
origin: ischial tuberosity
Where is the fibular trochlea? What attaches to the fibular trochlea?
lateral side of calcaneus. The tendons of the fibulas longus and brevis attach here
Name this muscle:
Origin: Posterior surface (medial aspect of) of tibia
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits (2-5)
Innervation: Tibial n.
Actions:
Flexes lateral four digits (2-5)
Plantarflexes at ankle
Supports longitudinal arch
flexor digitorum longus
What are the bursa of the hind foot?
- subcutaneous calcanea bursa
In an avulsion fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal, what tendon is involved?
The tuberosity of the bone is pulled off by the peroneus brevis tendon
What is the chief flexor of the thigh? chief extensor?
Chief flexor: Iliopsoas
Chief extensor: Gluteus Maximus