gross anatomy
what are the parts that make up the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
what is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephron
what do you call the act of emptying the bladder?
micturition
difference of kidney position in cats vs humans?
cats kidneys are more leveled than humans
human left kidney is more superior than rightwhat happens to concentration of glucose in urinary bladder if glucose carriers increase
decreases
the ___ carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
what are the three processes that make up urine formation
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
does the detrusor contract or relax during micturition
contract
how does site for urethral emptying differ in female cats vs female humans
cats: urogenital sinus
humans: body exterior/ external urethral orifice
what is the effect on urine volume of not adding ADH to the collecting duct
increase
what did the effect of adding peptidase to the starch have?
no effect
which arteriole feeds the glomerulus?
afferent arteriole
what is the lack of voluntary control over the external urethral sphincter called?
incontinence
which pair are the true vocal folds? superior or inferior?
inferior (they vibrate for sound)
superficial kidney region, has rich blood supply
renal cortex
what does the addition of surfactant have on airflow?
increases airflow by decreasing surface tension
3 regions of the male urethra
prostatic, internediate, and spongy
why is it important that the cartilaginous rings of the trachea are incomplete?
allows esophagus to expand when a large food bolus is swallowed
what is the effect of an increased blood pressure on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate
increased
what is the trigone
triangular region of bladder including the openings of the ureters and the urethra
what is the function of the granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?
sense blood pressure in the afferent arteriole
(macula densa monitor NaCl concentrations)explain the micturition reflex
initiated when accumulated urine stretches the bladder
activates stretch receptors and send signals that contract detrusor and relax internal urethral sphincter
external urinary sphincter relaxed (neurons inhibited)
the liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the ___
falciform ligament
why would you expect a lot of glucose in the urine of a diabetic person despite having glucose carriers?
too much glucose and not enough carriers for reabsorption