Theoretical Approaches
This approach refers to disorder causes that are organic and internal. This approach primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
What is the biological approach?
characteristics, experiences, or exposures that increase the likelihood of a person developing a disorder
What are risk factors?
Marked by inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity.
What is ADHD?
What is schizophrenia (schizophrenia spectrum disorders)?
occurs in an individual with an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.
What is PTSD?
This approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics to explain psychological disorders.
What is the psychological approach?
Defines diagnoses, used to predict symptoms, and informs treatment.
What is the DSM-5?
Deficits in communication and behavior. May include fixations, specific routines and rituals, and low IQ score.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
involves a major depressive episode and depressed characteristic for at least 2 weeks
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
refers to psychological states in which individuals feel disconnected from their immediate experiences
What is dissociation (dissociation disorders)?
This approach looks to larger social contexts in which a person lives, such as gender or cultural norms. approach looks to larger social contexts in which a person lives, such as gender or cultural norms.
What is the sociocultural approach?
nonmedical process that helps people with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems
What is psychotherapy (therapy, counseling, etc.)?
Persistent anxiety for 6 months with difficulty specifying reasons for anxiety.
What is General Anxiety Disorder?
involves an individual having a less extreme depressed mood for over 2 months with other symptoms such as hopelessness, lack of energy, poor concentration, and sleep problems
What is persistent depressive disorder?
characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress
This approach combines social, biological, and psychological approaches.
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
means that a person has two or more disorders at the same time
What is comorbidity?
occurs in an individual with an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.
What is specific phobia?
characterized by extreme mood swings with at least one or more episodes of mania
What is bipolar disorder?
Formerly called multiple personality disorder
What is dissociative identity disorder?
This model suggests that preexisting conditions may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder. This vulnerability in combination with stressful experiences can lead to a psychological disorder.
What is the diathesis-stress model (vulnerability-stress model)?
Related to the DSM-5 and published by the World Health Organization.
What is the ICD?
recurring sudden onsets of intense terror
What is panic disorder?
High levels of this dopamine is one explanation for schizophrenia.
What is dopamine?
Characterized by unstable affect, unstable sense of self and identity, negative interpersonal relationships, and self-harm.
What is borderline personality disorder?