2.1 and 2.2
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is the use of energy to build up larger molecules.
What type of protein is collagen?
Structure protien
What does DNA do?
Stores genetic information
What does helicase do?
-unzips and unwinds DNA
-separates the two polynucleotide strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
What do spliceosomes take out
Introns
What is maltose made up of
Two glucose units.
What three factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH and substrate concentration
What did Watson and Crick discover?
They discovered the double helix structure of DNA
How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcription?
Promoter region (TATA box)
what is capping?
A methyl group CH3 is added to the 5' end of mRNA. The Methylated cap acts as protection against exonucleases (enzymes that detach nucleotides from a polynucleotide chain).
What are the 5 water properties
Cohesion, adhesion, thermal property-high specific heat capacity, Thermal property-latent Heat of vaporization and solvent.
what are the four levels of protein structure
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
Is a nucleotide a polymer or monomer?
monomer
WHat is the word equation for cellular respiration (combustion)
Glucose + oxyge ----> Carbon dioxide + Water
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation, elongation and termination
How much energy per dry gram can carbohydrates store on average?
about 17kj of energy per dry gram.
What is bioinformatics?
An interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex.
What is a strand of nucleotides bonded by?
Covalent bonds
Draw the basic structure of an amino acid
Amino acid structure
Draw and label a diagram of a mitochondria
diagram
What is Urea and what is its function?
Urea is a organic compound, it is used in the human body to excrete nitrogen because it is non-toxic and highly soluble
Describe what a proteome is and why it is different from a genome.
A proteome is a collection of proteins. A proteome is bigger than a genome because the proteins can change sizes and shapes (constantly)
If a DNA sample had 10% thymine, what's the percentage of Guanine?
10% T = 10% A → 20%
100-20= 80 so 40% G and 40% C
40% Guanine
What can pyruvate be converted into
Lactate in humans and ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast
Explain how epigenetics are being shown through a mother rat licking baby rats (pups):
Some mother rats spend a lot of time licking, grooming, and nursing their pups. Others seem to ignore their pups. Highly nurtured rat pups tend to grow up to be calm adults, while rat pups who receive little nurturing tend to grow up to be anxious.
It turns out that the difference between a calm and an anxious rat is not genetic, it's epigenetic. The nurturing behaviour of a mother rat during the first week of life shapes her pups' epigenomes. And the epigenetic pattern that mom establishes tends to stay put, even after the pups become adults.