Scientific Foundations of Psych
Which perspective would be most useful when explaining how people from different countries express anger? (a.) social-cultural (b.) Psychodynamic (c.) behavioral (d.) Functionalist (e.) biological
a) socio-cultural
Learning that has persisted over time; information that has been acquired, stored, and can be retrieved.
Memory
This is complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
an instinct
Personality disorder characterized by egocentrism, lack of conscience, impulsive behavior, and manipulation of others.
Antisocial personality disorder
Animal research has revealed a general reward system that triggers the release of the neurotransmitter ______.
dopamine
Piaget is best known for what type of psychology?
Developmental
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and words. ("Go car")
Telegraphic Speech
This is the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
basal metabolic rate
What is a criticism of the DSM-5?
Labelling can be harmful
Too extensive
With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which there is a break from dendrites transmitting electrical signals to _____.
axon
Which psychological principle best explains why studying an hour a day for a week is more effective than one 7-hour study session? a. Testing effect b. Distributed practice c. SQ#R d. Retrieval practice effect e. Psychometrics
B- distributed practice
A certain kind of study effect that results in long-term memory retention.
Spacing Effect
This theory states that we are motivated by seeking excitement and our performance is best when it is at a moderate level of arousal.
Optimal Arousal Theory/ Yerkes Dodson Law
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by intense, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
phobia
This Psychologist created what he believed to be the three stages of moral development to determine how people acquire their moral values.
Kohlberg
Theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.
Humanism
Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.
Syntax
According to Abraham Maslow, in order for our needs to be loved and belong to be met, what two needs must be met first?
physiological & safety needs
A state of helplessness or resignation in which people or animals learn that escape from something painful is impossible and depression results.
Learned Helplessness
According to Erikson, this stage of a person's life is when they will seek out many new skills and actions where they will fall, spill and often mess up the end goal and it is very important for the parent to encourage them.
Shame v. doubt
This type of psychologist identifies which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection.
Evolutionary Psychologist
The tendency to be more confident than correct.
Overconfidence
This is a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Incentive
One random day Susan wandered off and was later found, four years later, living under a new name, with no memory of her previous life. What kind of disorder does she probably suffer from?
a dissociative disorder
A generalized belief about a group of people is _________________, which leads us to categorize these people in the _______________, meaning it is us vs. them.
stereotype; outgroup