Infants
According to Piaget, infants are in which stage of development?
Sensorimotor
According to Piaget, preschoolers are in this stage of development.
What is Preoperational
According to Erikson, school-aged children are in which stage of development?
Industry vs. Inferiority
According to Erickson, adolescents are in which stage?
Identity vs Role confusion
According to Piaget, how to infants learn about their environment?
Through their senses and interactions with the environment.
According to Erikson, how do infants develop a sense of trust?
Warm and responsive care
Toddler: 1-3yo
Preschool: 3-5 yo
What are some concerns for the hospitalized school-ager?
modesty, separation from peers, loss of control, pain, fear of death and bodily mutilation
What are some hospital stressors for teens?
separation from peers, pain, body image, privacy, forced dependence, lack of autonomy, missing school/sports/hobbies, being different than peers
What are some threats that hospitalization poses on infant's development?
lack of appropriate stimulation (over or under), separation from caregivers (impaired bonding), restricted movement, lack of routine
What does cephalocaudal growth mean?
Physical growth and motor control proceeds from head to tail
What is a coping behavior you may see in a hospitalized toddler/preschooler?
Regression, clinging, temper tantrums
Describe the limitation of concrete thinking?
mental operations work poorly with abstract ideas
Describe in your own words, what a personal fable is.
Thinking of him/herself as the center of attention, believe that they are special/unique, imaginary audience
What are 3 benefits of medical play?
facilitates discussion and understanding, give sense of mastery and control, identifies misconceptions, reveals fears or concerns, normalizes medical equipment, familiarizes with medical equipment, promotes positive coping
At what age to infants typically develop object permanence?
8 months
Success in toddlers leads to feelings of __________ and failure leads to feelings of ___________.
Autonomy, shame and doubt
Describe how you might prepare a school-aged child for an upcoming surgery.
Use concrete, simple language. Use pictures. include sensory and sequential information, give "jobs" and discuss coping strategies
What would you do if an adolescent refuses child life services?
Discussion: respect their choice/wishes
What might be some characteristics of a child on the autism spectrum?
lack of eye contact, issues with social, emotional and communication skills (e.g. delayed language development, difficultly understanding others emotions and expressing their own, difficulty adapting to change, may not know how to play/interact with others, unusual reactions to sensory input).
What are some child life interventions that a CCLS could use/offer for a 6 month old receiving an IV?
Prepare parents, comfort items, involve parents (comfort positioning, holding), modify environment, distraction (bubbles, light up toys)
Name four hospital stressors for toddlers/preschoolers
Change in routine, separation from caregivers, loss of autonomy/mobility, restricted movement, unfamiliar environment, heightened fears, strangers, pain, misconceptions, loss of competence/initiative, unable to distinguish fantasy from reality
At about what age do children begin to have a more adult understanding of death? And what are the 4 concepts they must understand to obtain this?
According to developmental theory, what are some reasons that a teen might be noncompliant with treatment?
Discussion: Desire to fit in with peers, be autonomous and make independent decisions, egocentrism (optimistic bias), lack of critical thinking (psychosocial immaturity)
This theory views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
Bronrenbrenner's ecological systems theory