Atoms, elements and compounds
What are the 3 subatomic particles inside an atom?
Proton
Electron
Neutron
What is the bond present between Calcium bromide?
Ionic
At which electrode would you expect Platinum to be made during electrolysis?
The cathode
What are the 4 factors affecting the rate of a reaction?
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration/pressure
Catalyst
Alkali/base
What does the group an element is in tell you about the atom?
The number of electrons on its outer shell
What is the charge on the hydrogen carbonate ion?
Negative 1
Give the 3 useful products of the electrolysis of brine
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Sodium Hydroxide
What makes an reaction endothermic?
Energy required to break bonds > Energy released from making bonds
The reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid produces:
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
How would you separate 2 miscible liquids?
Chromatography or distillation
Ionic substances will only conduct electricity when...
They are molten or dissolved in an aqueous solution
+IV
How does decreasing the temperature of a reaction change the rate? Explain why
Slows a reaction down
Particles have less energy
Particles collide less frequently
Particles collide with less energy
Fewer successful collisions overall
Which is the acidic oxide?
MgO CuO P4O10 Fe2O3 N2O
P4O10
What is the lowest energy of the states of matter?
Solid
Give the types of bonding in Graphite
Strong Covalent bond between atoms
Weak Intermolecular forces between layers
Identify the reducing agent:
H2O2 + 2KI + H2SO4 --> I2 + K2SO4 + 2H2O
What observation would you make?
Potassium Iodide (aq)
colourless --> red-brown
How would a graph show how increasing the surface area of the same mass of a substance could increase the rate?
Graph would be steeper
Graph would finish at the same point, only quicker.
What are the steps in making an insoluble salt?
Precipitation:
Mix solutions - Filter - Rinse - Dry
Why is chlorine more reactive than bromine? Explain your answer
Chlorine gains electrons easier because:
Outer shell is closer to the nucleus - stronger attraction
Water boils at 100, ethanol boils at 76. Why might this be?
The intermolecular forces in water are stronger than the intermolecular forces in ethanol
Give the half-equation for the anode reaction in the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution.
4OH- --> O2 + 2H2O +4e-
How do you calculate the rate of a reaction at a specific time during the reaction?
Find the gradient of the curve at that point.
What is the difference between a strong and weak alkali?
Strong alkalis fully dissociate into ions in solution, weak alkalis partially dissociate into ions