Atoms
a neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus of the atom
Neutrons
Nuclear process where the nucleus of an atom combines with the nucleus of another atom, creating a larger atom.
Fusion
a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Covalent Bonding
a horizontal row of the periodic table.
Period
an atom that has gained or lost electrons and becomes positively or negatively charged
Ions
a negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus of the atom
Electrons
Nuclear process where the nucleus of an atom splits apart into smaller atoms.
Fission
a chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where there is a complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
Ionic Bonding
a vertical column of the periodic table.
Group
states that atoms are stable when they have a full outer energy level with 8 valence electrons, except hydrogen and helium which only need two.
Octet Rule
a positively charged subatomic particle which is located in the nucleus of the atom
Protons
Nuclear process where the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle (particle with two protons and 2 neutrons)
Alpha decay
a covalent bond between two atoms where the electron are unequally distributed, which causes a slight electrical dipole where one side is partially positive and the other slightly negative.
Polar
the electrons that are present in the outermost energy level of an atom.
Valence Electrons
a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself.
Electronegativity
The positively charged central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons, nearly all the mass of the atom
Nucleus
Nuclear process where a neutron in the nucleus of an atom is converted to a proton and emits an electron (also called a beta particle).
Beta decay
forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules and other neighboring particles (atoms or ions). These are not bonding forces
Intermolecular Force
an atom with the same number of protons and electrons, and thus a net charge of zero.
Neutral Atom
diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
Lewis dot structure
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number
A type of radioactive decay where an unstable nucleus emits excess energy known as a gamma ray
Gamma decay
any force that holds together the atoms making up a molecule or compound. These are bonding forces and usually stronger than intermolecular forces.
Intramolecular Forces
shorthand notation to show the number of valence electrons in an atom.
Electron Dot Diagrams
a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair
Lone pair