Native Americans
European Powers
The Spanish
MORE Spanish
100
Name three main crops that made permanent settlements possible for Native Americans.
Maize (corn), squash, and beans.
100
What happened to the Roanoke Colony in 1585?
It mysteriously disappeared.
100
Where did the Spanish force tens of thousands of Native Americans to work?
Gold and silver mines or on large farms. Brutal conditions and disease lead to the huge population drop.
100
How did Hernán Cortés defeat the Aztecs?
With help from Aztec subjects and mainly smallpox.
200
Why did Europeans mainly think of Native Americans as ‘barbaric’?
Gender roles, religion, land use, and too much freedom.
200
What was the significance of Martin Luther’s “Ninety-Five Theses” in 1517?
Accused the church of corruption and called for reform. Created havoc in the church.
200
What was the goal of the Spanish for Native Americans?
To make them obedient and convert them to Catholicism.
200
What was the Black Legend?
The reputation of Spain’s extreme destruction and cruelty while colonizing. Used as a justification for other European powers to eventually seize North America.
300
Estimated Native population in the Americas ranged from 50-90 million before Columbus, by 1492 it dropped to:
2-5 million within current American borders.
300
It wasn’t until the ____ that other European nations established permanent settlements in North America.
The 1600s or 17th century.
300
What was Las Casa’s stance on Spanish colonization?
He criticized Spain for killing millions and saw Native Americans as humans. Ironically he supported enslavement of Africans.
300
Why were many Native American communities already greatly depleted before British, French or American contact with them.
Disease or Spanish explorers massacring western and southern tribes.
400
Define “animism”
The belief in the spiritual power and sacred spirits in living and non living things, such as animals, the elements, and plants.
400
Why were the French fur traders' relationships with Native Americans different from the English?
The French worked and traded with them, adapting to a Native American lifestyle and sometimes intermarried.
400
Did the New Laws in 1542 and abolition of the encomienda system work to free Native Americans?
They were no longer slaves but were still forced to work.
400
Why did the Spanish government approve the marriages of Native Americans and Spanish colonists in 1514?
To spread Christianity and because of the low population of Spanish women.
500
Name 5 things that lead to Native Americans being taken advantage of.
Guns, disease, organization, numbers, horses, written language, enslavement, ships, alcohol, religion ect.
500
Why did Native Americans have more power in relations with French, Dutch, and English settlements vs relations with the Spanish?
The Spanish exerted significant of military power to suppress Native Americans. Also these colonists had much more reliance on Native Americans for food and trade.
500
What action from the New Mexican Native Americans surprised the Spanish and forced them out of Santa Fe?
The Pueblo Revolt.
500
Bonus Question!
How were African slaves in Africa treated?
They were often criminals, prisoners of war, or in debt. They had some rights like owning property and marrying free people, some were freed.