Skin/Nails
Skin turns blue d/t lack of adequate amount of oxygen
Cyanosis
Face looks small compared with enlarged cranium, and dilated scalp veins and downcast, or "setting sun" eyes
Hydrocephalus
Common visual acuity test
Snellen eye chart
Primary purpose of the ciliated mucous membrane in the nose
filter out dust and bacteria
PERRLA
Pupils clear
Equal
Round
React to light
Accommodate
Yellowish color that indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood
Jaundice
Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, thin upper lip, and midfacial hypoplasia
Fetal Alcohol Disorder
III - oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
VI - Abducens
Technique used to assess cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
Ask the person to say “ahhh” and note that the soft palate and uvula rise in the midline. Also, gag reflex
Cranial nerve associated with facial sensation and muscle contraction of the masseter and temporal muscles
Cranial nerve V - Trigeminal
Three indicators of dehydration
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
Cracked lips
Cranial nerve VII paralysis of facial muscles; cannot wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, or close eyelid.
Bell Palsy
red-beefy looking vessels at periphery but clear around iris, accompanied by purulent discharge.
Conjunctivitis "pink eye"
Swollen, tender, anterior cervical nodes; fever >100.4F; tonsillar exudate
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Loss of epidermis and exposed dermis. Superficial ulcer looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister. No visible fat or deeper tissue
Stage 2 - Partial thickness skin loss
Sign expected with fever, local inflammation, also emotional reaction like blushing
Ruddy/Erythema
Excruciating headache pain on one side of head, especially around eye, forehead, and cheek that lasts 1/2 to 2 hours, occurring once or twice each day
Cluster headaches
Decrease in tear production, presence of arcus senilis around cornea, loss of outer hair on eyebrows
Normal findings on an elderly patient
Nose picking, forceful coughing or sneezing, fracture, foreign body, drug use
Epitaxis (nose bleeds)
Cranial nerve should be assessed with patient c/o of hearing changes and balance issues
Cranial nerve VIII - acoustic (vestibulocochlear)
Occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease, lung cancer, and pulmonary diseases.
Clubbing of the nails
Acute onset of neck stiffness and pain along with HA and fever
Meningeal inflammation
Pupillary constriction and convergence of the axes of the eye
Normal response for accommodation
Evolve into pustules which rupture, weep, and crust and heal in 4 to 10 days. Also associated with sunlight, fever, and colds.
Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV-1)
9 Functions of the skin
Protection
Prevents penetration
Perception
Temperature regulation
Identification
Communication
Wound repair
Absorption and Excretion
Production of vitamin D