Middle Ages
Why were the Middle Ages called the Middle Ages?
They came in between the classical period and the Renaissance
This author exclaimed “It is,then, much safer to be feared than to be loved…”
Machiavelli
This Dutch intellectual best represented the Christian humanism of the north in his emphasis on education as the key to moral and intellectual improvement, as well as inner Christianity.
Who is Erasmus?
Together they expelled the Jews from Spain in 1492.
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella?
What are the "3 Gs" causing European conquest in the Americas?
God, Gold, and Glory
This weapon, first used by the English at the Cattle of Crecy, disregarded the chivalric code, resulting in English victories in the Hundred Years War.
What is the longbow?
Home to the Medicis, this city-state soon surpassed Venice as the richest city-state.
What is Florence?
This radical Renaissance era book, written by Thomas More, centered on the belief that corruption and war were due to society's flawed institutions, such as private property, and not to the inherently corrupt nature of humanity
Name the two sides in The War of the Roses.
The House of York and House of Lancaster.
This Dutch economic powerhouse had a monopoly in its industry and was allowed to wage war.
This cataclysmic event for the Catholic Church occurred when two different Popes claimed papal legitimacy.
What is the Great Schism?
He wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man, in which he said men could rise to the heights of the angels.
Who is Pico della Mirandola?
This word is used to describe the spoken language of an area
What is vernacular?
He was a leader of the Papal States from the Borgia family who sought to gain control over central Italy.
The migration of peoples to the New World led to a trade of animals, plants, and disease. This complex process is known as _____.
Columbian Exchange
During this 68 year period, in which the papal residence was in Avignon rather than Rome, the Church was subject to French control. This, combined with abuses, badly damaged papal prestige.
What is the Avignon Papacy/Babylonian Captivity?
This Dominican friar attacked the moral vice of Florence, reserving his harshest criticism for the ruling de' Medici family. His eventual reward: excommunication and burning at the stake.
Who is Savonarola?
Northern Renaissance Humanists were more concerned with ______ reform than their Italian counterparts.
What is social reform?
He became king after the War of the Roses and consolidated his political power by subjecting nobles to secret trials.
Who is Henry VII?
The economic system that prioritizes exports over imports is called __________
mercantilism
This caused an increase in peasant wages at the end of the Black Plague.
What is population decline/labor shortages?
They were powerful, military generals sought after in the warring city-states of Italy.
What is condottieri?
His most famous painting, The Arnolfini Marriage, is filled with symbolism, characteristic of the Renaissance.
Who is Van Eyck?
Known as the Spider King, he defeated the Burgundians.
Who Louis XI?
The term for rising middle class.
What is bourgeoisie?