warfare
Who were the Samural warriors?
also known as bushi, took as their creed what later became known as the "Way of the Warrior" (Bushidô), a rigid value system of discipline and honor that required them to live and die in the service of their lords.
what is the dominant religion in Tokugawa Japan was ?
Buddhism.
what is The shogunal rule of the bakufu?
The shogunal rule of the bakufu, (tent government) began in earnest with the Kamakura period (1185-1333), when the Minamoto clan defeated its bitter rival, the Taira family.
what women would had to wear in japan?
small shoes
what was The Neo-Confucian theory ?
The Neo-Confucian theory that dominated Japan during the Tokugawa Period recognized only four social classes–warriors (samurai), artisans, farmers and merchants–and mobility between the four classes was officially prohibited.
What is The Bushi?
The bushi swore unwavering loyalty to their immediate masters in the chain of command. But this wasn't always easy. Frequently, switched loyalties and shifting alliances forced the bushi to decide between obeying the daimyô (baron) or following their more immediate lord.
what are Tokugawa Ieyasu ordered every Japanese family to register at?
a Buddhist temple
what is the Samurai-dokor ?
In 1180 CE the Samurai-dokor (Board of Retainers) was formed, which supervised vassal warriors (gokenin) and dished out disciplinary measures for any misdemeanours. Later, it would also supervise government agents in the provinces, the shogunate's own property, and the security of Heiankyo.
what were their wartime roles?
Their wartime roles included washing and preparing the decapitated bloody heads of the enemy, which were presented to the victorious generals.
what was unqual treaties?
A series of “unequal treaties” in which stronger nations imposed their will on smaller ones in East Asia, created further unrest, particularly the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened Japanese ports to American ships, guaranteed them safe harbor and allowed the U.S. to set up a permanent consulate in exchange for not bombing Edo.
what were the challenges attempted by ?
There were occasional challenges to the shoguns such as the attempted coup by Emperor Go-Toba in 1221 CE - the so-called Jokyu Disturbance which ended in the emperor's exile. Another unsuccessful imperial challenge was the Kemmu Restoration (1333-1336 CE) of Emperor Go-Daigo (r. 1318-1339 CE) which only replaced one shogunate with another.
what is a second important branch of Buddhism in Tokugawa times?
was Nichirin.
what is the Kumonjo ?
In 1184 CE the Kumonjo (Public Documents Office) was established. This was then renamed and widened in function as the Mandokoro (Administrative Board) in 1191 CE as it became the main executive and administration centre of the government.
what were their main purpose of their roles?
With their husbands in combat almost continuously, 16th century samurai women provided for the defense of their homes and children.
what was the japanese economy was like?
In addition to an emphasis on agricultural production (including the staple crop of rice as well as sesame oil, indigo, sugar cane, mulberry, tobacco and cotton), Japan’s commerce and manufacturing industries also expanded, leading to the rise of an increasingly wealthy merchant class and in turn to the growth of Japanese cities.
what was the Onin war?
The Onin War (1467-1477 CE) was a civil war between rival warlords and it brought much death and destruction, especially at Heiankyo. There then followed a century of bitter fighting and unrest, the so-called Sengoku Period or Warring States Period (1467-1568 CE).
what is The Lotus Sutra ?
The Lotus Sutra emphasized reverence for the Buddha along with commands to defer to the sovereign, government, teachers, and parents.
what is the new position?
a vice-regent to the shogun (rensho) was created in 1225 CE, and official documents then required both his and the regent shogun's signature. Also in 1225 CE, the Hyojoshu (Council of State) was formed, which had as its members the top officials, warriors, and scholars of the moment.
what was forbidden from travel?
Forbidden from traveling alone, they were required to carry travel permits, and were usually accompanied by a man.
what is A vibrant urban?
A vibrant urban culture emerged centered in Kyoto, Osaka and Edo (Tokyo), catering to merchants, samurai and townspeople rather than to nobles and daimyo, the traditional patrons.
who was Oda Nobunaga?
Oda Nobunaga had expanded his territory gradually through the 1550/60s CE from his base at Nagoya Castle as he defeated all comers. He finally seized Heiankyo in 1568 CE and then exiled the last Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, in 1573 CE.
what is Tokugawa Japan’s most popular branch of Buddhism was ?
Jodo Shinsu.
what is the Law code ?
a new law code was established, the Joei Code (Joei shikimoku), which had 51 articles and established who owned what land, defined the relationship between lords, vassals, and samurai, limited the role of the emperor, and established the taking of legal decisions based on precedence.
what was traveling like back then?
Travel was highly restricted for samurai women during the years of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
what is the Genroku era ?
The Genroku era (1688-1704) in particular saw the rise of Kabuki theater and Bunraku puppet theater, literature (especially Matsuo Basho, the master of haiku) and woodblock printing.